Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Approaches of Mangiferin: Promises, Reality and Challenges in Cancer Chemotherapy.
Muhammad Sarfraz, Abida Khan, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Muhammad Furqan Akhtar, Ammara Saleem, Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye, Mehnaz Kamal, Abuzer Ali, Nawaf M Alotaibi, Shams Aaghaz, Muhammad Irfan Siddique, Mohd Imran
Author Information
Muhammad Sarfraz: College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates. ORCID
Abida Khan: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Gaber El-Saber Batiha: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt. ORCID
Muhammad Furqan Akhtar: Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. ORCID
Ammara Saleem: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye: Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Mehnaz Kamal: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Abuzer Ali: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Nawaf M Alotaibi: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
Shams Aaghaz: Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India.
Muhammad Irfan Siddique: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
Mohd Imran: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
Mangiferin (MGF), a xanthone derived from L., initially employed as a nutraceutical, is now being explored extensively for its anticancer potential. Scientists across the globe have explored this bioactive for managing a variety of cancers using validated in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro anticancer potential of this biomolecule on well-established breast cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-23, BEAS-2B cells and MCF-7 is closer to many approved synthetic anticancer agents. However, the solubility and bioavailability of this xanthone are the main challenges, and its oral bioavailability is reported to be less than 2%, and its aqueous solubility is also 0.111 mg/mL. Nano-drug delivery systems have attempted to deliver the drugs at the desired site at a desired rate in desired amounts. Many researchers have explored various nanotechnology-based approaches to provide effective and safe delivery of mangiferin for cancer therapy. Nanoparticles were used as carriers to encapsulate mangiferin, protecting it from degradation and facilitating its delivery to cancer cells. They have attempted to enhance the bioavailability, safety and efficacy of this very bioactive using drug delivery approaches. The present review focuses on the origin and structure elucidation of mangiferin and its derivatives and the benefits of this bioactive. The review also offers insight into the delivery-related challenges of mangiferin and its applications in nanosized forms against cancer. The use of a relatively new deep-learning approach to solve the pharmacokinetic issues of this bioactive has also been discussed. The review also critically analyzes the future hope for mangiferin as a therapeutic agent for cancer management.
