A Re-Purposing Strategy: Sub-Lethal Concentrations of an Eicosanoid Derived from the Omega-3-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Resolvin D1 Affect Dual Species Biofilms.
Angela Maione, Annalisa Buonanno, Marilena Galdiero, Elisabetta de Alteriis, Francesco Petrillo, Michele Reibaldi, Marco Guida, Emilia Galdiero
Author Information
Angela Maione: Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. ORCID
Annalisa Buonanno: Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Marilena Galdiero: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Naples, Italy. ORCID
Elisabetta de Alteriis: Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. ORCID
Francesco Petrillo: Department of Medical Sciences, Eye Clinic, Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy. ORCID
Michele Reibaldi: Department of Medical Sciences, Eye Clinic, Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy. ORCID
Marco Guida: Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. ORCID
Emilia Galdiero: Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy. ORCID
The fungal species and the bacterial species may be responsible for hospital-acquired infections in patients undergoing invasive medical interventions or surgical procedures and often coinfect critically ill patients in complicating polymicrobial biofilms. The efficacy of the re-purposing therapy has recently been reported as an alternative to be used. PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) may be used alone or in combination with currently available traditional antimicrobials to prevent and manage various infections overcoming antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of Resolvin D1 (RvD1) as an antimicrobial on and , as well as the activity against the mixed biofilm of the same two species. Microdilution assays and time-kill growth curves revealed bacterial and fungal inhibition at minimum concentration values between 5 and 10 μg mL. In single-species structures, an inhibition of 55% and 42% was reported for and , respectively. Moreover, RvD1 demonstrated an eradication capacity of 60% and 80% for single- and mixed-species biofilms, respectively. In association with the inhibition activity, a downregulation of genes involved in biofilm formation as well as ROS accumulation was observed. Eradication capability was confirmed also on mature mixed biofilm grown on silicone platelets as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In conclusion, RvD1 was efficient against mono and polymicrobial biofilms in vitro, being a promising alternative for the treatment of mixed bacterial/fungal infections.
