The Effects of Hepatogomax Enteral Formula on Systemic Inflammation, Caecum Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels, and Liver Histopathology in Thioacetamide-Induced Rats.
Hery D Purnomo, Refani A Kusuma, Elfrida Sianturi, Ryan F Haroen, Muchamad R Solichin, Choirun Nissa, Adriyan Pramono, Endang Mahati, Etika R Noer
Author Information
Hery D Purnomo: Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medical, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia. ORCID
Refani A Kusuma: Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia. ORCID
Elfrida Sianturi: Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia.
Ryan F Haroen: Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Muchamad R Solichin: Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Choirun Nissa: Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia.
Adriyan Pramono: Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia.
Endang Mahati: Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia.
Etika R Noer: Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia. ORCID
Liver damage characterized by fibrosis and necrosis can worsen the condition of liver disease. Liver disease is associated with impaired immune response and may affect short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) gut metabolites. Hepatogomax enteral formula was developed, which contains brain-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and middle-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which could repair liver tissue damage, improve the inflammatory status, and modulate SCFA in liver damage. The study aimed to determine the effect of hepatogomax on liver tissue repair, inflammation (TNF- and IL-6), and SCFA levels in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced rats. The induction of TAA causes liver steatosis, increasing TNF- and IL-6, and decreasing SCFA levels. Hepatogomax at a dose of 14.6 g/200 gBW significantly reduces TNF- and IL-6 levels and increases SCFA levels ( < 0.05). The number of steatosis between groups P2 and P3 was lower as compared to a group of negative control [K2] ( < 0.05). Hepatogomax, in a dose-dependent manner, may repair liver tissue and improve inflammatory response and SCFA levels in TAA-induced rats.
