Marta Giovanetti: Instituto Rene Rachou Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Eleonora Cella: Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. ORCID
Sonia Moretti: National HIV/AIDS Research Center (CNAIDS), National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Fabio Scarpa: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy. ORCID
Alessandra Ciccozzi: Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Svetoslav Nanev Slavov: Butantan Institute, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-220, São Paulo, Brazil. ORCID
Francesca Benedetti: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. ORCID
Davide Zella: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. ORCID
Giancarlo Ceccarelli: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy. ORCID
Massimo Ciccozzi: Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. ORCID
Alessandra Borsetti: National HIV/AIDS Research Center (CNAIDS), National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy. ORCID
Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, has emerged as a significant global threat in recent years. This review focuses on the importance of global monitoring and rapid response to monkeypox outbreaks. The unpredictable nature of monkeypox transmissions, its potential for human-to-human spread, and its high morbidity rate underscore the necessity for proactive surveillance systems. By analyzing the existing literature, including recent outbreaks, this review highlights the critical role of global surveillance in detecting, containing, and preventing the further spread of monkeypox. It also emphasizes the need for enhanced international collaboration, data sharing, and real-time information exchange to effectively respond to monkeypox outbreaks as a global health concern. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges and opportunities of implementing robust surveillance strategies, including the use of advanced diagnostic tools and technologies. Ultimately, these findings underscore the urgency of establishing a comprehensive global monitoring framework for monkeypox, enabling early detection, prompt response, and effective control measures to protect public health worldwide.
