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Dec, 2023;88 (12): e202300449.

Bio-Inspired Far-From-Equilibrium Hydrogels: Design Principles and Applications.

Jiadong Tang, Yibo Cheng, Muhua Ding, Chen Wang
Author Information
  1. Jiadong Tang: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
  2. Yibo Cheng: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
  3. Muhua Ding: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
  4. Chen Wang: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China. ORCID
PMID: 37787015 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300449

Abstract

Inspired from dynamic living systems that operate under out-of-equilibrium conditions in biology, developing supramolecular hydrogels with self-regulating and autonomously dynamic properties to further advance adaptive hydrogels with life-like behavior is important. This review presents recent progress of bio-inspired supramolecular hydrogels out-of-equilibrium. The principle of out-of-equilibrium self-assembly for creating bio-inspired hydrogels is discussed. Various design strategies have been identified, such as chemical-driven reaction cycles with feedback control and physically oscillatory systems. These strategies can be coupled with hydrogels to achieve temporal and spatial control over structural and mechanical properties as well as programmable lifetime. These studies open up huge opportunities for potential applications, such as fluidic guidance, information storage, drug delivery, actuators and more. Finally, we address the challenges ahead of us in the coming years, and future possibilities and prospects are identified.

Keywords

adaptive behavior bio-inspired hydrogels dissipative self-assembly out-of-equilibrium self-regulation

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Grants

  1. 2022YFA1505900/Ministry of Science and Technology of China
  2. 22202073/NSFC
  3. CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0159/Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing
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