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Behavior research methods
08, 2024;56 (5): 4862-4882.

manymome: An R package for computing the indirect effects, conditional effects, and conditional indirect effects, standardized or unstandardized, and their bootstrap confidence intervals, in many (though not all) models.

Shu Fai Cheung, Sing-Hang Cheung
Author Information
  1. Shu Fai Cheung: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China. sfcheung@um.edu.mo. ORCID
  2. Sing-Hang Cheung: Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. ORCID
PMID: 37798596 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02224-z

Abstract

Mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation are common in behavioral research models. Several tools are available for estimating indirect effects, conditional effects, and conditional indirect effects and forming their confidence intervals. However, there are no simple-to-use tools that can appropriately form the bootstrapping confidence interval for standardized conditional indirect effects. Moreover, some tools are restricted to a limited type of models. We developed an R package, manymome, which can be used to estimate and form confidence intervals for indirect effects, conditional effects, and conditional indirect effects, standardized or not, using a two-step approach: model parameters are estimated either by structural equation modeling using lavaan or by a set of linear regression models using lm, and then the coefficients are used to compute the requested effects and form confidence intervals. It can be used when there are missing data if the model is fitted by structural equation modeling. There are only a few limitations on some aspects of a model, and no inherent limitations on the number of predictors, the number of independent variables, or the number of moderators and mediators. The goal is to have a tool that allows researchers to focus on model fitting first and worry about estimating the effects later. The use of the model is illustrated using a few numerical examples, and the limitations of the package are discussed.

Keywords

Bootstrapping Conditional indirect effect Mediation Missing data Moderation Regression Structural equation modeling

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MeSH Term

Humans
Models, Statistical
Confidence Intervals
Software
Data Interpretation, Statistical
Behavioral Research
Linear Models
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Article has an altmetric score of 3

Word Cloud

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