Ashutosh Gupta: Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Shiran Shetty: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Srinivas Mutalik: Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Raghu Chandrashekar H: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Nandakumar K: Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Elizabeth Mary Mathew: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Abhishek Jha: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Brahmeshwar Mishra: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Siddheesh Rajpurohit: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Gundawar Ravi: Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Moumita Saha: Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Sudheer Moorkoth: Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is one of the most prevalent gastro intestinal disorder which often leads to painful sores in the stomach lining and intestinal bleeding. Untreated ( infection is one of the major reasons for chronic PUD which, if left untreated, may also result in gastric cancer. Treatment of is always a challenge to the treating doctor because of the poor bioavailability of the drug at the inner layers of gastric mucosa where the bacteria resides. This results in ineffective therapy and antibiotic resistance. Current treatment regimens available for gastric ulcer and infection uses a combination of multiple antimicrobial agents, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-receptor antagonists, dual therapy, triple therapy, quadruple therapy and sequential therapy. This polypharmacy approach leads to patient noncompliance during long term therapy. Management of induced gastric ulcer is a burning issue that necessitates alternative treatment options. Novel formulation strategies such as extended-release gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) and nanoformulations have the potential to overcome the current bioavailability challenges. This review discusses the current status of treatment, their limitations and the formulation strategies to overcome these shortcomings. Authors propose here an innovative strategy to improve the eradication efficiency.
