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European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
Jan, 2024;43 (1): 1-15.

Fifty years devoted to anaerobes: historical, lessons, and highlights.

Luc J Dubreuil
Author Information
  1. Luc J Dubreuil: Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, Lille, France. lucdubreuil4@gmail.com. ORCID
PMID: 37973693 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04708-4

Abstract

Renew interest and enthusiasm for anaerobes stem from both technological improvements (culture media, production of an adequate anaerobic atmosphere, identification methods) and greater awareness on the part of clinicians. Anaerobic infections were historically treated empirically, targeting the species known to be involved in each type of infection. Prevotella, fusobacteria, and Gram-positive cocci (GPAC) were considered responsible for infections above the diaphragm whereas for intra-abdominal infections, Bacteroides of the fragilis group (BFG), GPAC and clostridia were predominantly implicated. The antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobes was only taken into consideration by the clinician in the event of treatment failure or when faced with infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). The evolution of antibiotic resistance together with clinical failures due to the absence of detection of hetero-resistant clones has resulted in a greater need for accessible antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) and disc diffusion method. Improved isolation and identification of anaerobes, along with the availability of accessible and robust methods for performing AST, will ensure that treatment, whether empirical or guided by an antibiogram, will lead to better outcomes for anaerobic infections.

Keywords

Anaerobic bacteria Anaerobic infections Antibiotic susceptibility testing Clinical outcome Resistance mechanism

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MeSH Term

Humans
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Bacteria, Anaerobic
Clostridium
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Gram-Positive Cocci
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Bacterial Infections

Chemicals

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Journal Article Review
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