Distiller's grains (DGs) are solid mixtures that remain after the production of alcoholic beverages. A large amount of DGs is produced each year during the brewing process. Currently, they are mostly used as a feedstock or substrate in the feed industry. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of DGs is a major constraint on their further development and application for high-value-added usages. Some studies were published on the bioactive constituents of DGs in several different types of journals. Data were therefore collated to provide a comprehensive overview of these natural products. DGs are rich in phenols, phytosterols, and fatty acids, in addition to general lipid and protein constituents. These compounds and their related extracts possess diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycaemic effects. We hope that this review will provide research incentives for the further development and utilisation of DGs to develop high-value-added products.
Bioresour Technol. 2008 Aug;99(12):5165-76
[PMID:
17988859]
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2023 Jan;154:106346
[PMID:
36538984]
Cancer Lett. 2002 Jun 28;180(2):121-9
[PMID:
12175542]
J Food Sci. 2021 May;86(5):1861-1877
[PMID:
33822387]
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 20;13(2):
[PMID:
33672674]
Food Funct. 2020 Jun 24;11(6):4994-5003
[PMID:
32515459]
Molecules. 2019 Apr 18;24(8):
[PMID:
31003408]
J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Mar 2;70(8):2483-2494
[PMID:
35170307]
Food Res Int. 2019 Jul;121:524-532
[PMID:
31108777]
J Anim Sci. 1993 Mar;71(3):679-86
[PMID:
8385086]
Foods. 2023 Apr 07;12(8):
[PMID:
37107366]
Food Funct. 2013 Nov;4(11):1709-16
[PMID:
24113874]
Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Jun 07;10(10):3475-3484
[PMID:
36249963]
J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Nov 12;62(45):10873-80
[PMID:
25243324]
J Anim Sci. 1993 Aug;71(8):2228-36
[PMID:
8376249]
Food Sci Nutr. 2019 Jun 14;7(7):2391-2403
[PMID:
31367368]
J Anim Sci. 2002 Oct;80(10):2639-45
[PMID:
12413086]
J Sci Food Agric. 2020 May;100(7):2880-2888
[PMID:
32020613]
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015 Nov;115(11):1861-70
[PMID:
26514720]
J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Aug 8;55(16):6482-6
[PMID:
17636937]
Biomaterials. 2021 Jan;266:120474
[PMID:
33125969]
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Mar 9;59(5):1508-26
[PMID:
21299215]
J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jul 28;52(15):4791-4
[PMID:
15264916]
Food Chem. 2021 Mar 1;339:128159
[PMID:
33152898]
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Mar 26;10(4):
[PMID:
33810336]
Front Nutr. 2021 Sep 10;8:746113
[PMID:
34568409]
Molecules. 2022 Mar 28;27(7):
[PMID:
35408586]
Molecules. 2022 Sep 19;27(18):
[PMID:
36144867]
Molecules. 2019 Apr 02;24(7):
[PMID:
30986967]
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Sep 16;8:575645
[PMID:
33043009]
Food Chem. 2021 Aug 15;353:129521
[PMID:
33735773]
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(6):672-6
[PMID:
26307493]
Food Chem. 2022 Jan 1;366:130690
[PMID:
34343949]
Food Funct. 2021 Nov 29;12(23):12162
[PMID:
34792072]
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jul 15;243:124799
[PMID:
37182635]
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jul 03;10(7):
[PMID:
34356306]
J Food Biochem. 2019 Jan;43(1):e12451
[PMID:
31353485]
Food Chem X. 2023 Jun 12;19:100747
[PMID:
37780293]
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2018 Sep;73(3):241-246
[PMID:
29992417]
Life (Basel). 2022 Oct 07;12(10):
[PMID:
36294989]
Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Feb 16;8(2):
[PMID:
30781536]
RSC Adv. 2018 Nov 7;8(65):37451-37461
[PMID:
35557781]
J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2017 Nov;61(3):203-209
[PMID:
29203962]
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Dec 27;54(26):9827-33
[PMID:
17177508]
