Pillararene-Based Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy.

Xin Li, Meili Shen, Jie Yang, Linlin Liu, Ying-Wei Yang
Author Information
  1. Xin Li: College of Chemistry and School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
  2. Meili Shen: China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China.
  3. Jie Yang: College of Chemistry and School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
  4. Linlin Liu: China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China.
  5. Ying-Wei Yang: College of Chemistry and School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China. ORCID

Abstract

Cancer poses a significant challenge to global public health, seriously threatening human health and life. Although various therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy, phototherapy, and starvation therapy, are applied to cancer treatment, their limited therapeutic effect, severe side effects, and unsatisfactory drug release behavior need to be carefully considered. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop efficient drug delivery strategies for improving cancer treatment efficacy and realizing on-demand drug delivery. Notably, pillararenes, as an emerging class of supramolecular macrocycles, possess unique properties of highly tunable structures, superior host-guest chemistry, facile modification, and good biocompatibility, which are widely used in cancer therapy to achieve controllable drug release and reduce the toxic side effects on normal tissues under various internal/external stimuli conditions. This review summarizes the recent advance of stimuli-responsive supramolecular delivery systems (SDSs) based on pillararenes for tumor therapy from the perspectives of different assembly methods and hybrid materials, including molecular-scale SDSs, supramolecular nano self-assembly delivery systems, and nanohybrid SDSs. Moreover, the prospects and critical challenges of stimuli-responsive SDSs based on pillararenes for cancer therapy are also discussed.

Keywords

References

  1. Z. Zhou, D. Fan, J. Wang, Y. S. Sohn, R. Nechushtai, I. Willner, Small 2021, 17, 2007355.
  2. M.‐J. Baek, D.‐T. Nguyen, D. Kim, S.‐Y. Yoo, S. M. Lee, J.‐Y. Lee, D.‐D. Kim, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2023, 18, 945.
  3. E. Guilbaud, T. Barouillet, M. Ilie, C. Borowczyk, S. Ivanov, V. Sarrazy, N. Vaillant, M. Ayrault, A. Castiglione, G. Rignol, P. Brest, V. Bazioti, K. Zaitsev, K. Lebrigand, S. Dussaud, V. Magnone, C. Bertolotto, S. Marchetti, M. Irondelle, I. Goldberg, T. Huby, M. Westerterp, E. L. Gautier, B. Mari, P. Barbry, P. Hofman, L. Yvan‐Charvet, Cell Stem Cell 2023, 30, 800 .
  4. X.‐L. Qiu, Q.‐L. Li, Y. Zhou, X.‐Y. Jin, A.‐D. Qi, Y.‐W. Yang, Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 4237.
  5. W.‐X. Gu, Q.‐L. Li, H. Lu, L. Fang, Q. Chen, Y.‐W. Yang, H. Gao, Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 4715.
  6. Q.‐L. Li, L. Wang, X.‐L. Qiu, Y.‐L. Sun, P.‐X. Wang, Y. Liu, F. Li, A.‐D. Qi, H. Gao, Y.‐W. Yang, Polym. Chem. 2014, 5, 3389.
  7. H. Li, L.‐L. Tan, P. Jia, Q.‐L. Li, Y.‐L Sun, J. Zhang, Y.‐Q. Ning, J. Yu, Y.‐W. Yang, Chem. Sci. 2014, 5, 2804.
  8. Z. Zhanzhan, Y. Yu‐Xin, L. Qiushi, W. Ying, W. Xueyao, L. Xue, L. Hua‐Bin, S. Linqi, G. Dong‐Sheng, L. Yang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2213967.
  9. L. Wang, L.‐L. Li, Y.‐S. Fan, H. Wang, Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 3888.
  10. T. Zhou, N. Song, S.‐H. Xu, B. Dong, Y.‐W. Yang, ChemPhysChem 2016, 17, 1840.
  11. Y.‐L. Sun, B.‐J. Yang, S. X.‐A. Zhang, Y.‐W. Yang, Chem. ‐ Eur. J. 2012, 18, 9212.
  12. Q.‐L. Li, S.‐H. Xu, H. Zhou, X. Wang, B. Dong, H. Gao, J. Tang, Y.‐W. Yang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 28656.
  13. Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, T. Chen, Y. Han, C. Yan, J. Wang, B. Lu, L. Ma, Y. Ding, Y. Yao, Chem. Commun. 2023, 59, 8266.
  14. T. Ogoshi, S. Kanai, S. Fujinami, T.‐A. Yamagishi, Y. Nakamoto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 5022.
  15. Z.‐Q. Wang, X. Wang, Y.‐W. Yang, Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2301721.
  16. R. Tang, Y. Ye, S. Zhu, Y. Wang, B. Lu, Y. Yao, Chin. Chem. Lett. 2023, 34, 107734.
  17. B. Lu, J. Xia, Y. Huang, Y. Yao, Chem. Commun. 2023, 59, 12091.
  18. N. Song, Y.‐W. Yang, Sci. China: Chem. 2014, 57, 1185.
  19. C. Sathiyajith, R. R. Shaikh, Q. Han, Y. Zhang, K. Meguellati, Y.‐W. Yang, Chem. Commun. 2017, 53, 677.
  20. X.‐Y. Lou, Y.‐W. Yang, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2003263.
  21. X. Guan, F. Meng, H. Tan, X. Wang, J. Li, J. Wei, J. Ouyang, N. Na, Chem. Sci. 2022, 13, 8657.
  22. Y. Bai, X. Li, S. Song, J. Yang, X. Liu, Z. Chen, Nano Res. 2023, 16, 9921.
  23. C. Liu, C. Li, C. Pang, M. Li, H. Li, P. Li, L. Fan, H. Liu, W. Tian, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 27940.
  24. Y. Yin, P. Sun, H. Dong, Y. Chen, S. Chen, L. Wang, Chin. Chem. Lett. 2023, 34, 108594.
  25. G. Yu, W. Yu, L. Shao, Z. Zhang, X. Chi, Z. Mao, C. Gao, F. Huang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 8999.
  26. J. Zhong, Q. Tang, Y. Ju, Y. Lin, X. Bai, J. Zhou, H. Luo, Z. Lei, Z. Tong, J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed. 2019, 30, 202.
  27. X. Liu, J. Liu, Q. Xu, W. Tao, X. Xie, C. Meng, Q. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Y. Ling, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2023, 648, 994.
  28. S. Chao, P. Huang, Z. Shen, Y. Pei, Y. Lv, Y. Lu, Z. Pei, Org. Chem. Front. 2023, 10, 3491.
  29. X. Liu, W. Shao, Y. Zheng, C. Yao, L. Peng, D. Zhang, X.‐Y. Hu, L. Wang, Chem. Commun. 2017, 53, 8596.
  30. Q. Wang, L. Tian, J. Xu, B. Xia, J. Li, F. Lu, X. Lu, W. Wang, W. Huang, Q. Fan, Chem. Commun. 2018, 54, 10328.
  31. Y. Xu, W. Tuo, L. Yang, Y. Sun, C. Li, X. Chen, W. Yang, G. Yang, P. J. Stang, Y. Sun, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202110048.
  32. S. A. Fahmy, A. Ramzy, B. M. Saleh, H. M. El‐Said Azzazy, ACS Omega 2021, 6, 25876.
  33. D.‐D. Zheng, D.‐Y. Fu, Y. Wu, Y.‐L. Sun, L.‐L. Tan, T. Zhou, S.‐Q. Ma, X. Zha, Y.‐W. Yang, Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 3201.
  34. Y. Chang, J.‐Y. Chen, J. Yang, T. Lin, L. Zeng, J.‐F. Xu, J.‐L. Hou, X. Zhang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 38497.
  35. C. E. Gunes, M. A. Karaselek, A. N. Kursunlu, M. Ozmen, E. Kurar, Med. Chem. Res. 2020, 29, 1077.
  36. L. Recep, K. A Nuri, O. Mustafa, A. Sevki, M. Dogukan, I. E Salih, A. Yaser, J. Mol. Struct. 2022, 1265, 133482.
  37. M. A. Karaselek, S. Kuccukturk, T. Duran, A. N. Kursunlu, M. Ozmen, C. Bozdag, S. Alkan, A. Varman, M. A. Yildirim, T. Kucukkartallar, C. Vatansev, Invest New Drugs 2023, 41, 202.
  38. J. Chen, H. Ni, Z. Meng, J. Wang, X. Huang, Y. Dong, C. Sun, Y. Zhang, L. Cui, J. Li, X. Jia, Q. Meng, C. Li, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3546.
  39. B. Li, Z. Meng, Q. Li, X. Huang, Z. Kang, H. Dong, J. Chen, J. Sun, Y. Dong, J. Li, X. Jia, J. L. Sessler, Q. Meng, C. Li, Chem. Sci. 2017, 8, 4458.
  40. Q. Hao, Y. Chen, Z. Huang, J.‐F. Xu, Z. Sun, X. Zhang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 28250.
  41. J. Yang, D. Dai, L. Ma, Y.‐W. Yang, Chin. Chem. Lett. 2020, 32, 729.
  42. J. Chen, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Zhao, L. Chen, Y. Chai, Z. Meng, X. Jia, Q. Meng, C. Li, Chin. Chem. Lett. 2021, 32, 3034.
  43. J. Gao, L. Pan, X. Zhang, C. Ye, J. Chen, C. Li, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2022, 78, 129060.
  44. K. Yang, J. Wen, S. Chao, J. Liu, K. Yang, Y. Pei, Z. Pei, Chem. Commun. 2018, 54, 5911.
  45. L. Shao, Y. Pan, B. Hua, S. Xu, G. Yu, M. Wang, B. Liu, F. Huang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 11779.
  46. X. Min, F. Yi, X.‐L. Han, M. Li, Q. Gao, X. Liang, Z. Chen, Y. Sun, Y. Liu, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 432, 134327.
  47. X. Wu, Y. Li, C. Lin, X.‐Y. Hu, L. Wang, Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 6832.
  48. Y. Cao, X.‐Y. Hu, Y. Li, X. Zou, S. Xiong, C. Lin, Y.‐Z. Shen, L. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 10762.
  49. X.‐Y. Hu, X. Liu, W. Zhang, S. Qin, C. Yao, Y. Li, D. Cao, L. Peng, L. Wang, Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 3778.
  50. Y. Chang, C. Hou, J. Ren, X. Xin, Y. Pei, Y. Lu, S. Cao, Z. Pei, Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 9578.
  51. Q. Duan, Y. Cao, Y. Li, X. Hu, T. Xiao, C. Lin, Y. Pan, L. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10542.
  52. G. Yu, Y. Ma, C. Han, Y. Yao, G. Tang, Z. Mao, C. Gao, F. Huang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10310.
  53. X. Chi, G. Yu, X. Ji, Y. Li, G. Tang, F. Huang, ACS Macro Lett. 2015, 4, 996.
  54. Y. Chang, K. Yang, P. Wei, S. Huang, Y. Pei, W. Zhao, Z. Pei, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 13126.
  55. L. Jiang, X. Huang, D. Chen, H. Yan, X. Li, X. Du, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 2655.
  56. J. Chen, Y. Zhang, L. Zhao, Y. Zhang, L. Chen, M. Ma, X. Du, Z. Meng, C. Li, Q. Meng, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 53564.
  57. G. Yu, R. Zhao, D. Wu, F. Zhang, L. Shao, J. Zhou, J. Yang, G. Tang, X. Chen, F. Huang, Polym. Chem. 2016, 7, 6178.
  58. Y. Cao, X. Zou, S. Xiong, Y. Li, Y. Shen, X. Hu, L. Wang, Chin. J. Chem. 2015, 33, 329.
  59. L. Gao, B. Zheng, W. Chen, C. A. Schalley, Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 14901.
  60. G. Yu, W. Yu, Z. Mao, C. Gao, F. Huang, Small 2015, 11, 919.
  61. D. Wu, Y. Li, J. Shen, Z. Tong, Q. Hu, L. Li, G. Yu, Chem. Commun. 2018, 54, 8198.
  62. S. Lan, Y. Liu, K. Shi, D. Ma, ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020, 3, 2325.
  63. T. Guan, M. Cheng, L. Zeng, X. Chen, Y. Xie, Z. Lei, Q. Ruan, J. Wang, S. Cui, Y. Sun, H. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 49137.
  64. J. Wang, D. Wang, M. Cen, D. Jing, J. Bei, Y. Huang, J. Zhang, B. Lu, Y. Wang, Y. Yao, J. Nanobiotechnol. 2022, 20, 33.
  65. Y. Liu, Y. Liao, P. Li, Z.‐T. Li, D. Ma, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 7974.
  66. X. Liu, C. Meng, G. Ji, J. Liu, P. Zhu, J. Qian, S.‐X. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Y. Ling, Mater. Chem. Front. 2021, 5, 5846.
  67. Z. Li, N. Song, Y.‐W. Yang, Matter 2019, 1, 345.
  68. X. Liu, K. Jia, Y. Wang, W. Shao, C. Yao, L. Peng, D. Zhang, X.‐Y. Hu, L. Wang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 4843.
  69. Y.‐H Cui, R. Deng, Z. Li, X.‐S Du, Q. Jia, X.‐H. Wang, C‐Y. Wang, K. Meguellati, Y.‐W. Yang, Mater. Chem. Front. 2019, 3, 1427.
  70. G. Sun, Z. He, M. Hao, Z. Xu, X‐Y. Hu, J.‐J. Zhu, L. Wang, Chem. Commun. 2019, 55, 10892.
  71. J. Chen, Y. Zhang, Z. Meng, L. Guo, X. Yuan, Y. Zhang, Y. Chai, J. L. Sessler, Q. Meng, C. Li, Chem. Sci. 2020, 11, 6275.
  72. Z. Shen, N. Ma, F. Wang, J. Ren, C. Hou, S. Chao, Y. Pei, Z. Pei, Chin. Chem. Lett. 2022, 33, 4563.
  73. X. Chen, Z. Wang, X. Sun, Y. Han, Y. Huang, J. Xi, X. Bian, J. Han, R. Guo, Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 403, 126423.
  74. K. Yang, B. Hua, S. Qi, B. Bai, C. Yu, F. Huang, G. Yu, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202213572.
  75. K. Yang, K. Ma, M. Yang, Y. Lv, Y. Pei, Z. Pei, Chem. Commun. 2023, 59, 3779.
  76. J. Li, X. Lv, J. Li, W. Jin, Z. Chen, Y. Wen, Z. Pei, Y. Pei, Org. Chem. Front. 2023, 10, 1927.
  77. H. Zhu, H. Wang, B. Shi, L. Shangguan, W. Tong, G. Yu, Z. Mao, F. Huang, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 2412.
  78. S. Chao, X. Lv, N. Ma, Z. Shen, F. Zhang, Y. Pei, Z. Pei, Chem. Commun. 2020, 56, 8861.
  79. P. Zhu, W. Luo, J. Qian, C. Meng, W. Shan, Z. Xu, W. Zhang, X. Liu, Y. Ling, Molecules 2021, 26, 5900.
  80. Y. Feng, S. Qi, X. Yu, X. Zhang, H. Zhu, G. Yu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145, 18789.
  81. Y. Ding, Y. Ma, L. Zhu, Y. Xu, C. Wang, B. Lu, Y. Wang, C. Du, Y. Yao, J. Mater. Chem. B 2022, 10, 6181.
  82. Y. Ding, C. Wang, Y. Ma, L. Zhu, B. Lu, Y. Wang, J. Wang, T. Chen, C.‐M. Dong, Y. Yao, Acta Biomater. 2022, 143, 381.
  83. X. Tian, M. Zuo, P. Niu, K. Velmurugan, K. Wang, Y. Zhao, L. Wang, X‐Y. Hu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 37466.
  84. Y. Chen, L. Rui, L. Liu, W. Zhang, Polym. Chem. 2016, 7, 3268.
  85. X‐Y. Hu, L. Gao, S. Mosel, M. Ehlers, E. Zellermann, H. Jiang, S. K. Knauer, L. Wang, C. Schmuck, Small 2018, 14, 1803952.
  86. S. Chao, Z. Shen, B. Li, Y. Pei, Z. Pei, Chem. Commun. 2023, 59, 3455.
  87. X. Wu, Y. Zhang, Y. Lu, S. Pang, K. Yang, Z. Tian, Y. Pei, Y. Qu, F. Wang, Z. Pei, J. Mater. Chem. B 2017, 5, 3483.
  88. M. Cen, Y. Ding, J. Wang, X. Yuan, B. Lu, Y. Wang, Y. Yao, ACS Macro Lett. 2020, 9, 1558.
  89. J. Gao, H.‐M. Yu, M. Wu, Q. Chen, Y. Yang, Y. Qu, M. Sun, J.‐C. Qin, L. Ma, Y.‐W. Yang, Mater Today Chem 2022, 23, 100716.
  90. Y. Wang, Y. Wen, Y. Qu, Z. Pei, Y. Pei, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2022, 615, 386.
  91. H. Li, R. Wei, G.‐H. Yan, J. Sun, C. Li, H. Wang, L. Shi, J. A. Capobianco, L. Sun, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 4910.
  92. B. Huang, P. Wang, Y. Ouyang, R. Pang, S. Liu, C. Hong, S. Ma, Y. Gao, J. Tian, W. Zhang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 41038.
  93. B. Huang, J. Tian, Z. Cui, S. Weng, W. Wang, X. Jiang, W. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 444, 136164.
  94. N. Song, Z. Zhang, P. Liu, D. Dai, C. Chen, Y. Li, L. Wang, T. Han, Y.‐W. Yang, D. Wang, B. Z. Tang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2009924.
  95. C.‐P. Li, Y.‐X Lu, C.‐T. Zi, Y.‐T Zhao, H. Zhao, Y.‐P Zhang, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4979.
  96. H. Liu, J. Yang, X. Yan, C. Li, M. Elsabahy, L. Chen, Y.‐W. Yang, H. Gao, J. Mater. Chem. B 2021, 9, 9594.
  97. Z. Wang, Y. Wang, X. Sun, J. Zhou, X. Chen, J. Xi, L. Fan, J. Han, R. Guo, Small 2022, 18, 2200588.
  98. M. Yan, S. Wu, Y. Wang, M. Liang, M. Wang, W. Hu, G. Yu, Z. Mao, F. Huang, J. Zhou, Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2304249.
  99. N. Song, Y.‐W. Yang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 3474.
  100. J. Yang, Y.‐W. Yang, Small 2020, 16, 1906846.
  101. Y. Wang, D. Wang, J. Wang, C. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Ding, Y. Yao, Chem. Commun. 2022, 58, 1689.
  102. Y.‐L Sun, Y.‐W. Yang, D.‐X. Chen, G. Wang, Y. Zhou, C‐Y. Wang, J. F Stoddart, Small 2013, 9, 3224.
  103. X. Wang, L.‐L. Tan, X. Li, N. Song, Z. Li, J‐N. Hu, Y.‐M Cheng, Y. Wang, Y.‐W. Yang, Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 13775.
  104. J. Yang, D. Dai, X. Lou, L. Ma, B. Wang, Y.‐W. Yang, Theranostics 2020, 10, 615.
  105. J.‐R. Wu, A. U. Mu, B. Li, C‐Y. Wang, L. Fang, Y.‐W. Yang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 9853.
  106. X. Wang, J.‐R. Wu, F. Liang, Y.‐W. Yang, Org. Lett. 2019, 21, 5215.
  107. X. Li, J. Han, J. Qin, M. Sun, J. Wu, L. Lei, J. Li, L. Fang, Y.‐W. Yang, Chem. Commun. 2019, 55, 14099.
  108. A. F. M. da Silva, N. M. da Costa, T. S. Fernandes, I. A. A. Bessa, D. L. D'Amato, C. A. Senna, M. Lohan‐Codec, V. Nascimento, A. Palumbo, B. S. Archanjo, L. F. R. Pinto, T. C. dos Santos, C. M. Ronconi, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2022, 5, 13805.
  109. P. Horcajada, C. Serre, M. Vallet‐Regí, M. Sebban, F. Taulelle, G. Férey, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 5974.
  110. L.‐L. Tan, H. Li, Y.‐C Qiu, D.‐X. Chen, X. Wang, R‐Y. Pan, Y. Wang, S. X.‐A. Zhang, B. Wang, Y.‐W. Yang, Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 1640.
  111. L.‐L. Tan, H. Li, Y. Zhou, Y. Zhang, X. Feng, B. Wang, Y.‐W. Yang, Small 2015, 11, 3807.
  112. L.‐L. Tan, N. Song, S. X.‐A. Zhang, H. Li, B. Wang, Y.‐W. Yang, J. Mater. Chem. B 2016, 4, 135.
  113. M.‐X. Wu, J. Gao, F. Wang, J. Yang, N. Song, X. Jin, P. Mi, J. Tian, J. Luo, F. Liang, Y.‐W. Yang, Small 2018, 14, 1704440.
  114. M.‐X. Wu, H.‐J. Yan, J. Gao, Y. Cheng, J. Yang, J.‐R. Wu, B.‐J. Gong, H.‐Y. Zhang, Y.‐W. Yang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 34655.
  115. K. Yang, K. Yang, S. Chao, J. Wen, Y. Pei, Z. Pei, Chem. Commun. 2018, 54, 9817.
  116. X. Cai, Z. Xie, B. Ding, S. Shao, S. Liang, M. Pang, J. Lin, Adv. Sci. 2019, 6, 1900848.
  117. S. Rojas, T. Hidalgo, Z. Luo, D. Ávila, A. Laromaine, P. Horcajada, ACS Nano 2022, 16, 5830.

Grants

  1. 52173200/National Natural Science Foundation of China
  2. 52203138/National Natural Science Foundation of China
  3. 20230101052JC/Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province

MeSH Term

Humans
Drug Delivery Systems
Drug Liberation
Neoplasms

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0therapycancerdrugdeliverysupramolecularSDSspillararenesCancerhealthvarioustherapeuticstrategiestreatmentsideeffectsreleaseneedchemistrystimuli-responsivesystemsbasedhybridmaterialsposessignificantchallengeglobalpublicseriouslythreateninghumanlifeAlthoughchemotherapyCTradiotherapyphototherapystarvationappliedlimitedeffectsevereunsatisfactorybehaviorcarefullyconsideredThusurgentdevelopefficientimprovingefficacyrealizingon-demandNotablyemergingclassmacrocyclespossessuniquepropertieshighlytunablestructuressuperiorhost-guestfacilemodificationgoodbiocompatibilitywidelyusedachievecontrollablereducetoxicnormaltissuesinternal/externalstimuliconditionsreviewsummarizesrecentadvancetumorperspectivesdifferentassemblymethodsincludingmolecular-scalenanoself-assemblynanohybridMoreoverprospectscriticalchallengesalsodiscussedPillararene-BasedStimuli-ResponsiveSupramolecularDeliverySystemsTherapybiomaterials

Similar Articles

Cited By