OpenLB
Open Library of Bioscience
Advanced Search
Trends in neurosciences
02, 2024;47 (2): 150-162.

Latent-state and model-based learning in PTSD.

Josh M Cisler, Joseph E Dunsmoor, Gregory A Fonzo, Charles B Nemeroff
Author Information
  1. Josh M Cisler: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. Electronic address: josh.cisler@austin.utexas.edu.
  2. Joseph E Dunsmoor: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
  3. Gregory A Fonzo: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
  4. Charles B Nemeroff: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
PMID: 38212163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.12.002

Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by altered emotional and behavioral responding following a traumatic event. In this article, we review the concepts of latent-state and model-based learning (i.e., learning and inferring abstract task representations) and discuss their relevance for clinical and neuroscience models of PTSD. Recent data demonstrate evidence for brain and behavioral biases in these learning processes in PTSD. These new data potentially recast excessive fear towards trauma cues as a problem in learning and updating abstract task representations, as opposed to traditional conceptualizations focused on stimulus-specific learning. Biases in latent-state and model-based learning may also be a common mechanism targeted in common therapies for PTSD. We highlight key knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to further elaborate how latent-state learning and its associated neurocircuitry mechanisms function in PTSD and how to optimize treatments to target these processes.

Keywords

computational modeling computational neuroscience computational psychiatry decision-making neurocircuitry models psychiatric disease

References

  1. Cereb Cortex. 2014 Nov;24(11):2981-90 [PMID: 23765157]
  2. Nat Neurosci. 2019 Oct;22(10):1544-1553 [PMID: 31551597]
  3. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 Nov;70:217-227 [PMID: 27473936]
  4. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2020 Oct;21(10):576-586 [PMID: 32873936]
  5. Neuroimage Clin. 2022;36:103146 [PMID: 36055063]
  6. Behav Res Ther. 2019 Jan;112:1-11 [PMID: 30448689]
  7. Elife. 2018 Jan 09;7: [PMID: 29313489]
  8. Front Behav Neurosci. 2013 Nov 18;7:164 [PMID: 24302899]
  9. Psychol Rev. 2010 Jan;117(1):197-209 [PMID: 20063968]
  10. Transl Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 28;13(1):101 [PMID: 36977676]
  11. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Oct;72(5):879-84 [PMID: 15482045]
  12. Psychol Rev. 1980 Nov;87(6):532-52 [PMID: 7443916]
  13. Trends Cogn Sci. 2013 Jul;17(7):337-47 [PMID: 23768722]
  14. J Psychiatr Res. 2015 Apr;63:75-83 [PMID: 25769397]
  15. Neuron. 2014 Jan 22;81(2):267-279 [PMID: 24462094]
  16. Neuron. 2020 Sep 23;107(6):1226-1238.e8 [PMID: 32702288]
  17. Neuron. 2014 Feb 5;81(3):687-99 [PMID: 24507199]
  18. Eur J Neurosci. 2012 Apr;35(7):1024-35 [PMID: 22487033]
  19. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):243-258 [PMID: 18377121]
  20. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992 Oct;60(5):748-56 [PMID: 1401390]
  21. J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 5;28(45):11517-25 [PMID: 18987188]
  22. Transl Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 27;12(1):262 [PMID: 35760805]
  23. Nat Commun. 2015 Jan 21;6:6149 [PMID: 25608088]
  24. Neuron. 2018 Oct 24;100(2):490-509 [PMID: 30359611]
  25. Behav Res Ther. 2008 Apr;46(4):537-47 [PMID: 18313031]
  26. Q J Exp Psychol B. 2004 Jul;57(3):193-243 [PMID: 15204108]
  27. Psychol Med. 2021 Mar 08;:1-12 [PMID: 33682653]
  28. Nat Commun. 2018 Apr 26;9(1):1708 [PMID: 29700303]
  29. Trends Cogn Sci. 2018 Feb;22(2):170-188 [PMID: 29229206]
  30. Depress Anxiety. 2021 Nov;38(11):1169-1181 [PMID: 34293223]
  31. Nature. 2021 Dec;600(7889):489-493 [PMID: 34819674]
  32. J Neurosci. 2015 May 27;35(21):8333-44 [PMID: 26019346]
  33. Neuron. 2015 Oct 7;88(1):47-63 [PMID: 26447572]
  34. Biol Psychiatry. 2000 May 1;47(9):769-76 [PMID: 10812035]
  35. Neuron. 2014 Nov 5;84(3):638-54 [PMID: 25442941]
  36. Neuron. 2007 Oct 4;56(1):19-32 [PMID: 17920012]
  37. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991 Oct;59(5):715-23 [PMID: 1955605]
  38. J Psychiatr Res. 2022 Jan;145:256-262 [PMID: 33199053]
  39. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79 [PMID: 12182270]
  40. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2006 Apr;32(2):135-44 [PMID: 16634656]
  41. Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Feb 1;77(3):212-222 [PMID: 25173629]
  42. Transl Psychiatry. 2023 Dec 7;13(1):376 [PMID: 38062029]
  43. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2017 Jun;25:272-280 [PMID: 27825732]
  44. Psychol Rev. 2007 Jul;114(3):784-805 [PMID: 17638506]
  45. Learn Mem. 2004 Sep-Oct;11(5):485-94 [PMID: 15466298]
  46. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Aug 15;60(4):376-82 [PMID: 16919525]
  47. Neuroscience. 2012 Aug 2;216:103-9 [PMID: 22542675]
  48. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Apr;51:189-204 [PMID: 25639225]
  49. Neuron. 2016 Sep 21;91(6):1402-1412 [PMID: 27657452]
  50. Depress Anxiety. 2015 Apr;32(4):239-53 [PMID: 25703487]
  51. J Neurosci. 2016 Jul 27;36(30):7817-28 [PMID: 27466328]
  52. Behav Res Ther. 2017 Sep;96:79-89 [PMID: 28416167]
  53. Nature. 1996 Mar 7;380(6569):69-72 [PMID: 8598908]
  54. Neuron. 2020 Jun 17;106(6):1044-1054.e4 [PMID: 32315603]
  55. J Psychiatr Res. 2018 Aug;103:83-90 [PMID: 29783079]
  56. Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Dec 15;66(12):1075-82 [PMID: 19748076]
  57. Behav Res Ther. 2023 Aug;167:104361 [PMID: 37393833]
  58. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2022 Feb;22(1):199-213 [PMID: 34448127]
  59. Neuron. 2022 Jun 1;110(11):1754-1776 [PMID: 35325617]
  60. Curr Biol. 2013 Sep 9;23(17):R746-50 [PMID: 24028957]
  61. Neurobiol Stress. 2018 Oct 21;9:214-230 [PMID: 30450386]
  62. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016 Aug;17(8):513-23 [PMID: 27256552]
  63. Science. 2012 Nov 16;338(6109):953-6 [PMID: 23162000]
  64. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2021 Apr;38:83-89 [PMID: 33628870]
  65. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Oct;36(9):2130-42 [PMID: 22766141]
  66. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012 Nov;13(11):769-87 [PMID: 23047775]
  67. Neuron. 2013 Nov 20;80(4):914-9 [PMID: 24206669]
  68. Neuroscience. 2017 Mar 14;345:176-192 [PMID: 27066767]
  69. J Mood Anxiety Disord. 2023 Aug;2: [PMID: 37593142]
  70. Hippocampus. 2015 Jan;25(1):38-50 [PMID: 25139366]
  71. Learn Behav. 2012 Sep;40(3):255-68 [PMID: 22927000]
  72. Nat Hum Behav. 2020 Oct;4(10):1053-1066 [PMID: 32632333]
  73. Psychol Rev. 2022 Apr;129(3):513-541 [PMID: 34516150]
  74. J Neurophysiol. 2009 Jun;101(6):3192-8 [PMID: 19357347]
  75. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2022 Jul;23(7):428-438 [PMID: 35468999]
  76. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2012 Oct;38(4):394-406 [PMID: 23066980]
  77. J Neurosci. 2019 Apr 24;39(17):3264-3276 [PMID: 30782974]
  78. Behav Neurosci. 2021 Apr;135(2):291-300 [PMID: 34060881]
  79. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2019 Apr;4(4):371-380 [PMID: 30343131]
  80. Behav Brain Res. 2003 Nov 30;146(1-2):97-103 [PMID: 14643463]
  81. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2021 Apr;38:66-73 [PMID: 35194556]
  82. Neuron. 2010 May 27;66(4):585-95 [PMID: 20510862]
  83. Neuron. 2011 Mar 24;69(6):1204-15 [PMID: 21435563]
  84. Depress Anxiety. 2015 Mar;32(3):204-12 [PMID: 25639570]
  85. Nat Neurosci. 2019 Mar;22(3):470-476 [PMID: 30664770]
  86. Psychol Bull. 1986 Jan;99(1):20-35 [PMID: 2871574]
  87. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:215-48 [PMID: 23537484]
  88. Nat Neurosci. 2005 Dec;8(12):1704-11 [PMID: 16286932]
  89. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2016 Sep;1(5):386-392 [PMID: 28018986]
  90. Cell Rep. 2022 Jan 4;38(1):110198 [PMID: 34986350]
  91. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2021 Jul 8;44:253-273 [PMID: 33730510]
  92. PLoS Comput Biol. 2019 Sep 16;15(9):e1007331 [PMID: 31525176]
  93. Neuron. 2016 Oct 5;92(1):14-30 [PMID: 27710783]
  94. Behav Res Ther. 2014 Jul;58:10-23 [PMID: 24864005]
  95. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005;29(8):1207-23 [PMID: 16095698]
  96. J Anxiety Disord. 2015 Mar;30:81-7 [PMID: 25613235]
  97. Cereb Cortex. 2021 Jan 1;31(1):184-200 [PMID: 32820317]
  98. Behav Ther. 2017 Mar;48(2):156-165 [PMID: 28270327]
  99. Trends Cogn Sci. 2023 Jan;27(1):43-64 [PMID: 36435674]
  100. J Neurosci. 2017 Jun 7;37(23):5681-5689 [PMID: 28483979]
  101. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014 Feb;82(1):171-5 [PMID: 24188512]
  102. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Mar;98:61-70 [PMID: 30629978]
  103. Behav Ther. 2022 Mar;53(2):170-181 [PMID: 35227396]
  104. Psychiatry Res. 2014 Jul 30;223(1):1-8 [PMID: 24811608]
  105. Science. 2018 Nov 9;362(6415): [PMID: 30409861]
  106. Nat Neurosci. 2017 Apr;20(4):571-580 [PMID: 28218916]
  107. Behav Res Ther. 2013 Sep;51(9):588-96 [PMID: 23872701]
  108. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Oct 17;114(42):11241-11246 [PMID: 28973957]
  109. Trends Cogn Sci. 2010 Jun;14(6):268-76 [PMID: 20493762]
  110. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016 Jan;41(1):45-57 [PMID: 26329286]

Grants

  1. R33 MH108753/NIMH NIH HHS
  2. R01 AA029090/NIAAA NIH HHS
  3. R01 MH122387/NIMH NIH HHS
  4. R01 MH119132/NIMH NIH HHS
  5. K23 MH114023/NIMH NIH HHS
  6. R01 AA030740/NIAAA NIH HHS
  7. R21 MH108753/NIMH NIH HHS
  8. R01 MH117293/NIMH NIH HHS

MeSH Term

Humans
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
Learning
Brain
Fear
Brain Mapping
Journal Article Review
Article has an altmetric score of 4

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0learningPTSDlatent-statemodel-basedcomputationalbehavioralabstracttaskrepresentationsneurosciencemodelsdataprocessescommonneurocircuitryPost-traumaticstressdisordercharacterizedalteredemotionalrespondingfollowingtraumaticeventarticlereviewconceptsieinferringdiscussrelevanceclinicalRecentdemonstrateevidencebrainbiasesnewpotentiallyrecastexcessivefeartowardstraumacuesproblemupdatingopposedtraditionalconceptualizationsfocusedstimulus-specificBiasesmayalsomechanismtargetedtherapieshighlightkeyknowledgegapsneedaddressedelaborateassociatedmechanismsfunctionoptimizetreatmentstargetLatent-statemodelingpsychiatrydecision-makingpsychiatricdisease

Similar Articles

Cited By (2)