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Current diabetes reviews
2025;21 (4): 38-46.

Association of the Immunity Genes with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Youssef Khaiz, Najib Al Idrissi, Mohammed Bakkali, Samir Ahid
Author Information
  1. Youssef Khaiz: Laboratory of Genomics, Bioinformatics and Digital Health, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Science and Health, Casablanca, Morocco.
  2. Najib Al Idrissi: Laboratory of Genomics, Bioinformatics and Digital Health, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Science and Health, Casablanca, Morocco.
  3. Mohammed Bakkali: Departamento de Gen��tica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain.
  4. Samir Ahid: Laboratory of Genomics, Bioinformatics and Digital Health, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Science and Health, Casablanca, Morocco.
PMID: 38310481 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998275617231218101116

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a complicated illness marked by the death of insulin- producing pancreatic beta cells, which ultimately leads to insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia. T lymphocytes are considered to destroy pancreatic beta cells in the etiology of T1D as a result of hereditary and environmental factors. Although the latter factors are very important causes of T1D development, this disease is very genetically predisposed, so there is a significant genetic component to T1D susceptibility. Among the T1D-associated gene mutations, those that affect genes that encode the traditional Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) entail the highest risk of T1D development. Accordingly, the results of decades of genetic linkage and association studies clearly demonstrate that mutations in the HLA genes are the most associated mutations with T1D. They can, therefore, be used as biomarkers for prediction strategies and may even prove to be of value for personalized treatments. Other immunity-associated genetic loci are also associated with higher T1D risk. Indeed, T1D is considered an autoimmune disease. Its prevalence is rising globally, especially among children and young people. Given the global rise of, and thus interest in, autoimmune diseases, here we present a short overview of the link between immunity, especially HLA, genes and T1D.

Keywords

GWAS HLA SNPs Type 1 diabetes beta-cell autoimmunity gene.

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MeSH Term

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Humans
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
HLA Antigens
Mutation

Chemicals

HLA Antigens
Journal Article Review

Word Cloud

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