Tuberculosis vaccine developments and efficient delivery systems: A comprehensive appraisal.

Rasoul Hoseinpour, Alka Hasani, Behzad Baradaran, Jalal Abdolalizadeh, Roya Salehi, Akbar Hasani, Edris Nabizadeh, Mina Yekani, Roqaiyeh Hasani, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Khalil Azizian, Mohammad Yousef Memar
Author Information
  1. Rasoul Hoseinpour: Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  2. Alka Hasani: Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  3. Behzad Baradaran: Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  4. Jalal Abdolalizadeh: Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  5. Roya Salehi: Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  6. Akbar Hasani: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  7. Edris Nabizadeh: Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  8. Mina Yekani: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
  9. Roqaiyeh Hasani: Istanbul Okan University, 34959 Tuzla/İstanbul, Turkey.
  10. Hossein Samadi Kafil: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  11. Khalil Azizian: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran.
  12. Mohammad Yousef Memar: Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Despite the widespread use of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, (MTB) continues to be a global burden. Vaccination has been proposed to prevent and treat tuberculosis (TB) infection, and several of them are in different phases of clinical trials. Though vaccine production is in progress but requires more attention. There are several TB vaccines in the trial phase, most of which are based on a combination of proteins/adjuvants or recombinant viral vectors used for selected MTB antigens. In this review, we attempted to discuss different types of TB vaccines based on the vaccine composition, the immune responses generated, and their clinical trial phases. Furthermore, we have briefly overviewed the effective delivery systems used for the TB vaccine and their effectiveness in different vaccines.

Keywords

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