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Advances in experimental medicine and biology
2024;1443 33-61.

Applications of Mass Spectrometry in the Characterization, Screening, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of COVID-19.

Camila Akemi Oliveira Yamada, Bruno de Paula Oliveira Santos, Rafael Pereira Lemos, Ana Carolina Silva Batista, Izabela Mamede C A da Conceição, Adriano de Paula Sabino, Luís Maurício Trambaioli da Rocha E Lima, Mariana T Q de Magalhães
Author Information
  1. Camila Akemi Oliveira Yamada: Laboratory for Macromolecular Biophysics - LBM, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. ORCID
  2. Bruno de Paula Oliveira Santos: Laboratory for Macromolecular Biophysics - LBM, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. ORCID
  3. Rafael Pereira Lemos: Laboratory for Macromolecular Biophysics - LBM, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. ORCID
  4. Ana Carolina Silva Batista: Laboratory for Macromolecular Biophysics - LBM, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. ORCID
  5. Izabela Mamede C A da Conceição: Biochemistry and Immunology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. ORCID
  6. Adriano de Paula Sabino: Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. ORCID
  7. Luís Maurício Trambaioli da Rocha E Lima: Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - pbiotech, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Mauricio@pharma.ufrj.br. ORCID
  8. Mariana T Q de Magalhães: Laboratory for Macromolecular Biophysics - LBM, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. MQuezado@icb.ufmg.br. ORCID
PMID: 38409415 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_3

Abstract

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique that plays a central role in modern protein analysis and the study of proteostasis. In the field of advanced molecular technologies, MS-based proteomics has become a cornerstone that is making a significant impact in the post-genomic era and as precision medicine moves from the research laboratory to clinical practice. The global dissemination of COVID-19 has spurred collective efforts to develop effective diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutic interventions. This chapter highlights how MS seamlessly integrates with established methods such as RT-PCR and ELISA to improve viral identification and disease progression assessment. In particular, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) takes the center stage, unraveling intricate details of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, revealing modifications such as glycosylation, and providing insights critical to formulating therapies and assessing prognosis. However, high-throughput analysis of MALDI data presents challenges in manual interpretation, which has driven the development of programmatic pipelines and specialized packages such as MALDIquant. As we move forward, it becomes clear that integrating proteomic data with various omic findings is an effective strategy to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intricate biology of COVID-19 and ultimately develop targeted therapeutic paradigms.

Keywords

COVID-19 Clinical peptidomics MALDI Molecular biomarkers SARS-CoV-2

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MeSH Term

Humans
Proteomics
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Proteins
COVID-19 Testing

Chemicals

Proteins
Journal Article

Word Cloud

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