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Advances in experimental medicine and biology
2024;1443 187-209.

Multi-omics Investigations in Endocrine Systems and Their Clinical Implications.

Rodrigo Antonio Peliciari-Garcia, Carolina Fonseca de Barros, Ayla Secio-Silva, Diogo de Barros Peruchetti, Renata Marino Romano, Paula Bargi-Souza
Author Information
  1. Rodrigo Antonio Peliciari-Garcia: Department of Biological Sciences, Morphophysiology and Pathology Sector, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil. peliciari.garcia@unifesp.br.
  2. Carolina Fonseca de Barros: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
  3. Ayla Secio-Silva: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
  4. Diogo de Barros Peruchetti: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
  5. Renata Marino Romano: Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil.
  6. Paula Bargi-Souza: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. bargisouzap@ufmg.br.
PMID: 38409422 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_10

Abstract

Innovative techniques such as the "omics" can be a powerful tool for the understanding of intracellular pathways involved in homeostasis maintenance and identification of new potential therapeutic targets against endocrine-metabolic disorders. Over the last decades, proteomics has been extensively applied in the study of a wide variety of human diseases, including those involving the endocrine system. Among the most endocrine-related disorders investigated by proteomics in humans are diabetes mellitus and thyroid, pituitary, and reproductive system disorders. In diabetes, proteins implicated in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and β-cell activity have been investigated. In thyroid diseases, protein expression alterations were described in thyroid malignancies and autoimmune thyroid illnesses. Additionally, proteomics has been used to investigate the variations in protein expression in adrenal cancers and conditions, including Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease. Pituitary tumors and disorders including acromegaly and hypopituitarism have been studied using proteomics to examine changes in protein expression. Reproductive problems such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometriosis are two examples of conditions where alterations in protein expression have been studied using proteomics. Proteomics has, in general, shed light on the molecular underpinnings of many endocrine-related illnesses and revealed promising biomarkers for both their detection and treatment. The capacity of proteomics to thoroughly and objectively examine complex protein mixtures is one of its main benefits. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a widely used method that identifies and measures proteins based on their mass-to-charge ratio and their fragmentation pattern. MS can perform the separation of proteins according to their physicochemical characteristics, such as hydrophobicity, charge, and size, in combination with liquid chromatography. Other proteomics techniques include protein arrays, which enable the simultaneous identification of several proteins in a single assay, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), which divides proteins depending on their isoelectric point and molecular weight. This chapter aims to summarize the most relevant proteomics data from targeted tissues, as well as the daily rhythmic variation of relevant biomarkers in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions within the involved endocrine system, especially because the actual modern lifestyle constantly imposes a chronic unentrained condition, which virtually affects all the circadian clock systems within human's body, being also correlated with innumerous endocrine-metabolic diseases.

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus Endocrine disorders Omics Reproductive system Thyroid

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MeSH Term

Humans
Multiomics
Mass Spectrometry
Proteins
Endocrine System Diseases
Endocrine System
Biomarkers

Chemicals

Proteins
Biomarkers
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