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02 29, 2024;14 (1): 5052.

Determinants of private-sector antibiotic consumption in India: findings from a quasi-experimental fixed-effects regression analysis using cross-sectional time-series data, 2011-2019.

Shaffi Fazaludeen Koya, Senthil Ganesh, Sakthivel Selvaraj, Veronika J Wirtz, Sandro Galea, Peter C Rockers
Author Information
  1. Shaffi Fazaludeen Koya: School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. fmshaffi@bu.edu.
  2. Senthil Ganesh: Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
  3. Sakthivel Selvaraj: Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
  4. Veronika J Wirtz: School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
  5. Sandro Galea: School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
  6. Peter C Rockers: School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
PMID: 38424115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54250-2

Abstract

The consumption of antibiotics varies between and within countries. However, our understanding of the key drivers of antibiotic consumption is largely limited to observational studies. Using Indian data that showed substantial differences between states and changes over years, we conducted a quasi-experimental fixed-effects regression study to examine the determinants of private-sector antibiotic consumption. Antibiotic consumption decreased by 10.2 antibiotic doses per 1000 persons per year for every ₹1000 (US$12.9) increase in per-capita gross domestic product. Antibiotic consumption decreased by 46.4 doses per 1000 population per year for every 1% increase in girls' enrollment rate in tertiary education. The biggest determinant of private sector antibiotic use was government spending on health-antibiotic use decreased by 461.4 doses per 1000 population per year for every US$12.9 increase in per-capita government health spending. Economic progress, social progress, and increased public investment in health can reduce private-sector antibiotic use.

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MeSH Term

Female
Humans
Health Expenditures
Private Sector
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Cross-Sectional Studies
Regression Analysis
India

Chemicals

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Journal Article

Word Cloud

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