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Environmental science and pollution research international
Mar 20, 2024;

Variability of the trophic state in a coastal reef system associated with submarine groundwater discharge in the Mexican Caribbean.

Karla Camacho-Cruz, María Concepción Ortiz-Hernández, Laura Carrillo, Alberto Sánchez
Author Information
  1. Karla Camacho-Cruz: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. krla_2307@hotmail.com. ORCID
  2. María Concepción Ortiz-Hernández: El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal Avenida Centenario Km 5.5, s/n Col. Pacto Obrero Campesino Chetumal, C.P. 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
  3. Laura Carrillo: El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal Avenida Centenario Km 5.5, s/n Col. Pacto Obrero Campesino Chetumal, C.P. 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
  4. Alberto Sánchez: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
PMID: 38503958 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32818-9

Abstract

Submarine groundwater discharges (SGD) have been associated with important sources of nutrients between the land and oceans that can generate eutrophication conditions. This study aims to analyze the behavior of nitrogen and phosphorus using the mixing curve method, to examine the variation of the trophic state using the Karydis Index, and to evaluate the δN in benthic organisms to trace the origin of nitrogen in neap tide (November) and spring tide (January) in the Manatí Cenote, and Nohoch-Teek reef lagoon in the Mexican Caribbean. Nitrogen and phosphate enrichment was in the Manatí Cenote during neap and spring tides. This enrichment was particularly noticeable in the reef lagoon during low tides in the areas influenced by SGD. In the Cenote, differences in the nitrate trophic state were observed, indicating an eu-mesotrophic condition during neap tide and a mesotrophic condition during spring tide. However, no significant differences were observed for ammonium (oligo-mesotrophic), nitrites, or phosphate compounds (oligotrophic). The trophic state reef lagoon exhibited a similar pattern but with different spatial variations. In both systems, phosphorus was a limiting nutrient, while δN suggested anthropogenic nitrogen uptake by several benthic organisms.

Keywords

Anthropogenic pollution Karst Karydis Index Nitrates δ15N

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Grants

  1. SIP20210421/Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
  2. 20220735/Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
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