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Sep 23, 2024;

Wastewater-based Epidemiology for COVID-19 Surveillance and Beyond: A Survey.

Chen Chen, Yunfan Wang, Gursharn Kaur, Aniruddha Adiga, Baltazar Espinoza, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Andrew Warren, Bryan Lewis, Justin Crow, Rekha Singh, Alexandra Lorentz, Denise Toney, Madhav Marathe
Author Information
  1. Chen Chen: Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, United States. ORCID
  2. Yunfan Wang: Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, United States.
  3. Gursharn Kaur: Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, United States.
  4. Aniruddha Adiga: Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, United States.
  5. Baltazar Espinoza: Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, United States.
  6. Srinivasan Venkatramanan: Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, United States.
  7. Andrew Warren: Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, United States.
  8. Bryan Lewis: Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, United States.
  9. Justin Crow: Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, 23219, United States.
  10. Rekha Singh: Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, 23219, United States.
  11. Alexandra Lorentz: Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Department of General Services, Richmond, 23219, United States.
  12. Denise Toney: Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Department of General Services, Richmond, 23219, United States.
  13. Madhav Marathe: Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, United States.
PMID: 38562450

Abstract

The pandemic of COVID-19 has imposed tremendous pressure on public health systems and social economic ecosystems over the past years. To alleviate its social impact, it is important to proactively track the prevalence of COVID-19 within communities. The traditional way to estimate the disease prevalence is to estimate from reported clinical test data or surveys. However, the coverage of clinical tests is often limited and the tests can be labor-intensive, requires reliable and timely results, and consistent diagnostic and reporting criteria. Recent studies revealed that patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19 often undergo fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 virus into wastewater, which makes wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 surveillance a promising approach to complement traditional clinical testing. In this paper, we survey the existing literature regarding wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 surveillance and summarize the current advances in the area. Specifically, we have covered the key aspects of wastewater sampling, sample testing, and presented a comprehensive and organized summary of wastewater data analytical methods. Finally, we provide the open challenges on current wastewater-based COVID-19 surveillance studies, aiming to encourage new ideas to advance the development of effective wastewater-based surveillance systems for general infectious diseases.

Keywords

COVID-19 Epidemiology Infectious disease Survey Wastewater

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Grants

  1. R01 GM109718/NIGMS NIH HHS
Journal Article Preprint
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Word Cloud

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