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Nature ecology & evolution
Jun, 2024;8 (6): 1118-1128.

Directed conservation of the world's reef sharks and rays.

Jordan S Goetze, Michael R Heithaus, M Aaron MacNeil, Euan Harvey, Colin A Simpfendorfer, Michelle R Heupel, Mark Meekan, Shaun Wilson, Mark E Bond, Conrad W Speed, Leanne M Currey-Randall, Rebecca Fisher, C Samantha Sherman, Jeremy J Kiszka, Matthew J Rees, Vinay Udyawer, Kathryn I Flowers, Gina M Clementi, Jacob Asher, Oc��ane Beaufort, Anthony T F Bernard, Michael L Berumen, Stacy L Bierwagen, Tracey Boslogo, Edward J Brooks, J Jed Brown, Dayne Buddo, Camila C��ceres, Sara Casareto, Venkatesh Charloo, Joshua E Cinner, Eric E G Clua, Jesse E M Cochran, Neil Cook, Brooke M D'Alberto, Martin de Graaf, Mareike C Dornhege-Lazaroff, Lanya Fanovich, Naomi F Farabaugh, Daniel Fernando, Carlos Eduardo Leite Ferreira, Candace Y A Fields, Anna L Flam, Camilla Floros, Virginia Fourqurean, Laura Garc��a Barcia, Ricardo Garla, Kirk Gastrich, Lachlan George, Rory Graham, Valerie Hagan, Royale S Hardenstine, Stephen M Heck, Patricia Heithaus, Aaron C Henderson, Heidi Hertler, Robert E Hueter, Mohini Johnson, Stacy D Jupiter, Muslimin Kaimuddin, Devanshi Kasana, Megan Kelley, Steven T Kessel, Benedict Kiilu, Fabian Kyne, Tim Langlois, Jaedon Lawe, Elodie J I L��d��e, Steve Lindfield, Jade Q Maggs, B Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, Andrea Marshall, Philip Matich, Erin McCombs, Dianne McLean, Llewelyn Meggs, Stephen Moore, Sushmita Mukherji, Ryan Murray, Stephen J Newman, Owen R O'Shea, Kennedy E Osuka, Yannis P Papastamatiou, Nishan Perera, Bradley J Peterson, Fabi��n Pina-Amarg��s, Alessandro Ponzo, Andhika Prasetyo, L M Sjamsul Quamar, Jessica R Quinlan, Christelle F Razafindrakoto, Fernanda A Rolim, Alexei Ruiz-Abierno, Hector Ruiz, Melita A Samoilys, Enric Sala, William R Sample, Michelle Sch��rer-Umpierre, Sara N Schoen, Audrey M Schlaff, Adam N H Smith, Lauren Sparks, Twan Stoffers, Akshay Tanna, Rub��n Torres, Michael J Travers, Jasmine Valentin-Albanese, Joseph D Warren, Alexandra M Watts, Colin K Wen, Elizabeth R Whitman, Aaron J Wirsing, Esteban Zarza-Gonz��lez, Demian D Chapman
Author Information
  1. Jordan S Goetze: Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. jordan.goetze@dbca.wa.gov.au. ORCID
  2. Michael R Heithaus: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  3. M Aaron MacNeil: Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. ORCID
  4. Euan Harvey: School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. ORCID
  5. Colin A Simpfendorfer: College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. ORCID
  6. Michelle R Heupel: Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
  7. Mark Meekan: The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. ORCID
  8. Shaun Wilson: Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. ORCID
  9. Mark E Bond: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA. ORCID
  10. Conrad W Speed: Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. ORCID
  11. Leanne M Currey-Randall: Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. ORCID
  12. Rebecca Fisher: The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. ORCID
  13. C Samantha Sherman: College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. ORCID
  14. Jeremy J Kiszka: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  15. Matthew J Rees: Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
  16. Vinay Udyawer: Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
  17. Kathryn I Flowers: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA. ORCID
  18. Gina M Clementi: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  19. Jacob Asher: Department of Environmental Protection and Regeneration, Red Sea Global, AlRaidah Digital City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  20. Oc��ane Beaufort: Kap Natirel NGO, Fort l'Olive, Guadeloupe, France.
  21. Anthony T F Bernard: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, National Research Foundation, Makhanda, South Africa. ORCID
  22. Michael L Berumen: Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
  23. Stacy L Bierwagen: Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
  24. Tracey Boslogo: Papua New Guinea Wildlife Conservation Society, Kavieng, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea.
  25. Edward J Brooks: Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, Bahamas.
  26. J Jed Brown: Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
  27. Dayne Buddo: Georgia Aquarium - Research and Conservation, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  28. Camila C��ceres: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  29. Sara Casareto: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA. ORCID
  30. Venkatesh Charloo: MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, IFREMER IRD, Montpellier, France.
  31. Joshua E Cinner: Thriving Oceans Research Hub, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia. ORCID
  32. Eric E G Clua: Paris Sciences Lettres, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement Opunohu Bay, Papetoai, French Polynesia. ORCID
  33. Jesse E M Cochran: Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
  34. Neil Cook: School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
  35. Brooke M D'Alberto: College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
  36. Martin de Graaf: Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, IJmuiden, the Netherlands.
  37. Mareike C Dornhege-Lazaroff: Churamura Conservation, Okinawa, Japan.
  38. Lanya Fanovich: Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago. ORCID
  39. Naomi F Farabaugh: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  40. Daniel Fernando: Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka. ORCID
  41. Carlos Eduardo Leite Ferreira: Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ORCID
  42. Candace Y A Fields: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA. ORCID
  43. Anna L Flam: Marine Megafauna Foundation, Palm Beach, CA, USA.
  44. Camilla Floros: Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
  45. Virginia Fourqurean: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  46. Laura Garc��a Barcia: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  47. Ricardo Garla: Centro de Bioci��ncias, Departmento de Bot��nica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil.
  48. Kirk Gastrich: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA. ORCID
  49. Lachlan George: Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
  50. Rory Graham: Independent consultant, Hull, UK.
  51. Valerie Hagan: Sharks and Rays Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA.
  52. Royale S Hardenstine: Department of Environmental Protection and Regeneration, Red Sea Global, AlRaidah Digital City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  53. Stephen M Heck: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. ORCID
  54. Patricia Heithaus: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  55. Aaron C Henderson: The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands. ORCID
  56. Heidi Hertler: The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands.
  57. Robert E Hueter: Sharks and Rays Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA.
  58. Mohini Johnson: Operation Wallacea, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, UK.
  59. Stacy D Jupiter: Melanesia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Suva, Fiji. ORCID
  60. Muslimin Kaimuddin: Operation Wallacea, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, UK.
  61. Devanshi Kasana: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA. ORCID
  62. Megan Kelley: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  63. Steven T Kessel: Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA. ORCID
  64. Benedict Kiilu: Kenya Fisheries Service, Mombasa, Kenya. ORCID
  65. Fabian Kyne: University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
  66. Tim Langlois: The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
  67. Jaedon Lawe: Yardie Environmental Conservationists Limited, Kingston, Jamaica.
  68. Elodie J I L��d��e: College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. ORCID
  69. Steve Lindfield: Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau.
  70. Jade Q Maggs: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand. ORCID
  71. B Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto: Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. ORCID
  72. Andrea Marshall: Marine Megafauna Foundation, West Palm, FL, USA.
  73. Philip Matich: Saving the Blue, Cooper City, FL, USA.
  74. Erin McCombs: Aquarium of the Pacific, Long Beach, CA, USA.
  75. Dianne McLean: The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
  76. Llewelyn Meggs: Yardie Environmental Conservationists Limited, Kingston, Jamaica.
  77. Stephen Moore: College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
  78. Sushmita Mukherji: College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
  79. Ryan Murray: Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines.
  80. Stephen J Newman: Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Hillarys, Western Australia, Australia. ORCID
  81. Owen R O'Shea: Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, Bahamas. ORCID
  82. Kennedy E Osuka: CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya. ORCID
  83. Yannis P Papastamatiou: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  84. Nishan Perera: Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka. ORCID
  85. Bradley J Peterson: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
  86. Fabi��n Pina-Amarg��s: Blue Sanctuary-Avalon, Jardines de la Reina, Cuba.
  87. Alessandro Ponzo: Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines. ORCID
  88. Andhika Prasetyo: Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia. ORCID
  89. L M Sjamsul Quamar: Fisheries Department, Universitas Dayanu Ikhsanuddin, Bau Bau, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
  90. Jessica R Quinlan: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  91. Christelle F Razafindrakoto: Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, Wildlife Conservation Society, Toliara, Madagascar.
  92. Fernanda A Rolim: Marine Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Santos, S��o Paulo, Brazil. ORCID
  93. Alexei Ruiz-Abierno: Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Habana, Cuba.
  94. Hector Ruiz: HJR Reefscaping, Boquer��n, Puerto Rico.
  95. Melita A Samoilys: CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya.
  96. Enric Sala: Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA. ORCID
  97. William R Sample: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  98. Michelle Sch��rer-Umpierre: HJR Reefscaping, Boquer��n, Puerto Rico.
  99. Sara N Schoen: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
  100. Audrey M Schlaff: College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
  101. Adam N H Smith: School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. ORCID
  102. Lauren Sparks: Indo Ocean Project, Nusa Penida, Indonesia.
  103. Twan Stoffers: Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands. ORCID
  104. Akshay Tanna: Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka. ORCID
  105. Rub��n Torres: Reef Check Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
  106. Michael J Travers: Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Hillarys, Western Australia, Australia.
  107. Jasmine Valentin-Albanese: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
  108. Joseph D Warren: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. ORCID
  109. Alexandra M Watts: Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA. ORCID
  110. Colin K Wen: Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan. ORCID
  111. Elizabeth R Whitman: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA. ORCID
  112. Aaron J Wirsing: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. ORCID
  113. Esteban Zarza-Gonz��lez: GIBEAM Research Group, Universidad del Sin��, Cartagena, Colombia. ORCID
  114. Demian D Chapman: Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
PMID: 38769434 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02386-9

Abstract

Many shark populations are in decline around the world, with severe ecological and economic consequences. Fisheries management and marine protected areas (MPAs) have both been heralded as solutions. However, the effectiveness of MPAs alone is questionable, particularly for globally threatened sharks and rays ('elasmobranchs'), with little known about how fisheries management and MPAs interact to conserve these species. Here we use a dedicated global survey of coral reef elasmobranchs to assess 66 fully protected areas embedded within a range of fisheries management regimes across 36 countries. We show that conservation benefits were primarily for reef-associated sharks, which were twice as abundant in fully protected areas compared with areas open to fishing. Conservation benefits were greatest in large protected areas that incorporate distinct reefs. However, the same benefits were not evident for rays or wide-ranging sharks that are both economically and ecologically important while also threatened with extinction. We show that conservation benefits from fully protected areas are close to doubled when embedded within areas of effective fisheries management, highlighting the importance of a mixed management approach of both effective fisheries management and well-designed fully protected areas to conserve tropical elasmobranch assemblages globally.

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MeSH Term

Animals
Conservation of Natural Resources
Sharks
Skates, Fish
Coral Reefs
Fisheries
Journal Article
Article has an altmetric score of 275

Word Cloud

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