Jannatul Ferdous Nipa: Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
Sabekun Naher: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh.
Sumaiya Tasnim Maliha: Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Hasanur Rahman: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Gopalganj, Bangladesh. ORCID
Kazi Ifthi Arafat: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Gopalganj, Bangladesh. ORCID
Mohammad Raguib Munif: Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Md Jamal Uddin: ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh. ORCID
Nurejunnati Jeba: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Sukumar Saha: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh. ORCID
Jingbo Zhai: Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China. ORCID
S M Nazmul Hasan: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Mengzhou Xue: Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China. ORCID
Md Golzar Hossain: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh. ORCID
This review delves into the historical context, current epidemiological landscape, genomics, and pathobiology of monkeypox virus (MPXV). Furthermore, it elucidates the present vaccination status and strategies to curb the spread of monkeypox. Monkeypox, caused by the known as MPXV, is a zoonotic ailment. MPXV can be transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets during prolonged face-to-face interactions. While many cases of monkeypox are self-limiting, vulnerable groups such as young children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals may experience severe manifestations. Diagnosis predominantly relies on clinical presentations, complemented by laboratory techniques like RT-PCR. Although treatment is often not required, severe cases necessitate antiviral medications like tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir. Vaccination, particularly using the smallpox vaccine, has proven instrumental in outbreak control, exhibiting an efficacy of at least 85% against mpox as evidenced by data from Africa. Mitigating transmission requires measures like wearing surgical masks, adequately covering skin lesions, and avoiding handling wild animals.
