A flexible dual-band 4 × 4 MIMO antenna for 5G mm-wave 28/38 GHz wearable applications.

Rakesh N Tiwari, Deepti Sharma, Prabhakar Singh, Pradeep Kumar
Author Information
  1. Rakesh N Tiwari: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, 517325, India.
  2. Deepti Sharma: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India.
  3. Prabhakar Singh: Physics Division, School of Basic Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 203201, India.
  4. Pradeep Kumar: Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa. pkumar_123@yahoo.com.

Abstract

This paper presents a novel, dual-band, four-port multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) antenna for 28/38 GHz millimeter wave 5G wearable applications. In the proposed work, we have used a novel design approach to get the dual-band behavior from a MIMO design with a small footprint of 18 × 8.5 × 0.25 mm. For this purpose, each MIMO element is designed as a composite form of a circular and elliptical structure connected with a narrow strip and fed by a tapered feedline. The peak realized gains and total efficiencies of the antenna, evaluated in free space, are 4.15 dBi, 7.73 dBi and 80.13%, 85.44% at 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequencies, respectively. To appraise the thorough behavior of the MIMO antenna, we have evaluated all the parameters of the antenna: Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Mean Effective Gain (MEG), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), and found them satisfactory. Channel capacity of the antenna at SNR = 20 dB is found to be 21.61 bps/Hz. For wearable applications, the proposed 4-port MIMO antenna is designed on a flexible Rogers 3003 substrate, and the performance is checked by evaluating bending analysis. The safety of the antenna is verified by analyzing the 1 g/10 g SAR at 28/38 GHz and the corresponding average SAR values are 0.11/0.08 W/kg and 0.05/0.04 W/kg, respectively. All the average SAR values for the proposed MIMO antenna are within the acceptable limits according to FCC/ICNIRP standards.

References

  1. Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 24;12(1):3165 [PMID: 35210497]
  2. Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 4;12(1):3608 [PMID: 35246591]
  3. Sensors (Basel). 2022 Apr 04;22(7): [PMID: 35408383]
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Word Cloud

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