Cerium Dioxide-Dextran Nanocomposites in the Development of a Medical Product for Wound Healing: Physical, Chemical and Biomedical Characteristics.
Ekaterina V Silina, Natalia E Manturova, Olga S Ivanova, Alexander E Baranchikov, Elena B Artyushkova, Olga A Medvedeva, Alexey A Kryukov, Svetlana A Dodonova, Mikhail P Gladchenko, Ekaterina S Vorsina, Maria P Kruglova, Oleg V Kalyuzhin, Yulia G Suzdaltseva, Victor A Stupin
Author Information
Ekaterina V Silina: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia. ORCID
Natalia E Manturova: Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
Olga S Ivanova: Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119071, Russia. ORCID
Alexander E Baranchikov: Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia. ORCID
Elena B Artyushkova: Kursk State Medical University, Karl Marx Str., 3, Kursk 305041, Russia.
Olga A Medvedeva: Kursk State Medical University, Karl Marx Str., 3, Kursk 305041, Russia.
Alexey A Kryukov: Kursk State Medical University, Karl Marx Str., 3, Kursk 305041, Russia. ORCID
Svetlana A Dodonova: Kursk State Medical University, Karl Marx Str., 3, Kursk 305041, Russia. ORCID
Mikhail P Gladchenko: Kursk State Medical University, Karl Marx Str., 3, Kursk 305041, Russia.
Ekaterina S Vorsina: Kursk State Medical University, Karl Marx Str., 3, Kursk 305041, Russia.
Maria P Kruglova: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.
Oleg V Kalyuzhin: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.
Yulia G Suzdaltseva: Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin Str., 3, Moscow 119333, Russia. ORCID
Victor A Stupin: Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: the creation of a dextran coating on cerium oxide crystals using different ratios of cerium and dextran to synthesize nanocomposites, and the selection of the best nanocomposite to develop a nanodrug that accelerates quality wound healing with a new type of antimicrobial effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nanocomposites were synthesized using cerium nitrate and dextran polysaccharide (6000 Da) at four different initial ratios of Ce(NO)x6HO to dextran (by weight)-1:0.5 (Ce0.5D); 1:1 (Ce1D); 1:2 (Ce2D); and 1:3 (Ce3D). A series of physicochemical experiments were performed to characterize the created nanocomposites: UV-spectroscopy; X-ray phase analysis; transmission electron microscopy; dynamic light scattering and IR-spectroscopy. The biomedical effects of nanocomposites were studied on human fibroblast cell culture with an evaluation of their effect on the metabolic and proliferative activity of cells using an MTT test and direct cell counting. Antimicrobial activity was studied by mass spectrometry using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry against after 24 h and 48 h of co-incubation. RESULTS: According to the physicochemical studies, nanocrystals less than 5 nm in size with diffraction peaks characteristic of cerium dioxide were identified in all synthesized nanocomposites. With increasing polysaccharide concentration, the particle size of cerium dioxide decreased, and the smallest nanoparticles (<2 nm) were in Ce2D and Ce3D composites. The results of cell experiments showed a high level of safety of dextran nanoceria, while the absence of cytotoxicity (100% cell survival rate) was established for Ce2D and C3D sols. At a nanoceria concentration of 10 M, the proliferative activity of fibroblasts was statistically significantly enhanced only when co-cultured with Ce2D, but decreased with Ce3D. The metabolic activity of fibroblasts after 72 h of co-cultivation with nano composites increased with increasing dextran concentration, and the highest level was registered in Ce3D; from the dextran group, differences were registered in Ce2D and Ce3D sols. As a result of the microbiological study, the best antimicrobial activity (bacteriostatic effect) was found for Ce0.5D and Ce2D, which significantly inhibited the multiplication of after 24 h by an average of 22-27%, and after 48 h, all nanocomposites suppressed the multiplication of by 58-77%, which was the most pronounced for Ce0.5D, Ce1D, and Ce2D. CONCLUSIONS: The necessary physical characteristics of nanoceria-dextran nanocomposites that provide the best wound healing biological effects were determined. Ce2D at a concentration of 10 M, which stimulates cell proliferation and metabolism up to 2.5 times and allows a reduction in the rate of microorganism multiplication by three to four times, was selected for subsequent nanodrug creation.
