Coxsackievirus A7 and Enterovirus A71 Significantly Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cell and Animal Models.
Victor A Svyatchenko, Stanislav S Legostaev, Roman Y Lutkovskiy, Elena V Protopopova, Eugenia P Ponomareva, Vladimir V Omigov, Oleg S Taranov, Vladimir A Ternovoi, Alexander P Agafonov, Valery B Loktev
Author Information
Victor A Svyatchenko: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia. ORCID
Stanislav S Legostaev: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia. ORCID
Roman Y Lutkovskiy: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia.
Elena V Protopopova: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia. ORCID
Eugenia P Ponomareva: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia.
Vladimir V Omigov: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia. ORCID
Oleg S Taranov: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia. ORCID
Vladimir A Ternovoi: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia. ORCID
Alexander P Agafonov: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia. ORCID
Valery B Loktev: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia. ORCID
In this study, we investigated the features of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the enterovirus vaccine strain LEV8 of coxsackievirus A7 or enterovirus A71 for Vero E6 cells and Syrian hamsters. The investigation of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and LEV-8 or EV-A71 in the cell model showed that a competitive inhibitory effect for these viruses was especially significant against SARS-CoV-2. Pre-infection with enteroviruses in the animals caused more than a 100-fold decrease in the levels of SARS-CoV-2 virus replication in the respiratory tract and more rapid clearance of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the lower respiratory tract. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and LEV-8 or EV-A71 also reduced the severity of clinical manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the animals. Additionally, the histological data illustrated that co-infection with strain LEV8 of coxsackievirus A7 decreased the level of pathological changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs. Research into the chemokine/cytokine profile demonstrated that the studied enteroviruses efficiently triggered this part of the antiviral immune response, which is associated with the significant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results demonstrate that there is significant viral interference between the studied strain LEV-8 of coxsackievirus A7 or enterovirus A71 and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo.
