Analysis of Factors Influencing Spatial Distribution of Soil Erosion under Diverse Subwatershed Based on Geospatial Perspective: A Case Study at Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia.
Irmadi Nahib: Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Yudi Wahyudin: Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Djuanda, Jl. Tol Ciawi No. 1, Ciawi, Bogor, West Java 16720, Indonesia. ORCID
Fahmi Amhar: Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Wiwin Ambarwulan: Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Nunung Puji Nugroho: Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Bono Pranoto: Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Destika Cahyana: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Fadhlullah Ramadhani: Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Nawa Suwedi: Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Mulyanto Darmawan: Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Turmudi Turmudi: Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Jaka Suryanta: Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
Vicca Karolinoerita: Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 47 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia. ORCID
The application of remote sensing data has been significant in modeling soil erosion. However, previous studies have fallen short in elucidating and lacked an understanding of the multifactor influencing erosion. This study addresses these limitations by employing the InVEST and the Geodetector models. Specifically, it aims (1) to delineate both spatial and temporal variations in soil erosion within the Citarum watershed from 2010 to 2020, (2) to identify the key drivers of soil erosion and unravel the underlying mechanisms, and (3) to identify the high-risk zones for soil erosion. Both models consider a range of natural predictors, including topography (slope factor), climate (precipitation factor), and vegetation cover (vegetation factor). In addition, they incorporate social parameters such as income per capita and population density, which interact with the watershed's position in the downstream, middle, and upper streams. The results reveal that, over a decade, the average soil erosion increased by 15.50 × 10 tons, marking a 16.65% surge. The impact of factors varies significantly across different subwatershed areas. For example, fraction vegetation cover interactions influence upper- and middle-stream regions, while the downstream area is notably affected by precipitation interactions. The high-risk erosion areas in the watershed are primarily influenced by slope, precipitation, and fractional vegetation cover. In these areas, factors causing high erosion risks include slope, precipitation, and other environmental variables categorized into strata. The study highlights the varying influential factors in different watershed areas.
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