Trends in Viral Vector-Based Vaccines for Tuberculosis: A Patent Review (2010-2023).
Lana C Santos, Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes, Izabel Almeida Alves, Mairim Russo Serafini, Leandra da Silva E Silva, Humberto Fonseca de Freitas, Luciana C C Leite, Carina C Santos
Author Information
Lana C Santos: Serviço de Imunologia das Doenças Infecciosas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil.
Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes: Serviço de Imunologia das Doenças Infecciosas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil. ORCID
Izabel Almeida Alves: Departamento do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil.
Mairim Russo Serafini: Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil. ORCID
Leandra da Silva E Silva: Serviço de Imunologia das Doenças Infecciosas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil. ORCID
Humberto Fonseca de Freitas: Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil. ORCID
Luciana C C Leite: Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil.
Carina C Santos: Serviço de Imunologia das Doenças Infecciosas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil. ORCID
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient global public health problem. Several strategies have been applied to develop new and more effective vaccines against TB, from attenuated or inactivated mycobacteria to recombinant subunit or genetic vaccines, including viral vectors. This review aimed to evaluate patents filed between 2010 and 2023 for TB vaccine candidates. It focuses on viral vector-based strategies. A search was carried out in Espacenet, using the descriptors "mycobacterium and tuberculosis" and the classification A61K39. Of the 411 patents preliminarily identified, the majority were related to subunit vaccines, with 10 patents based on viral vector platforms selected in this study. Most of the identified patents belong to the United States or China, with a concentration of patent filings between 2013 and 2023. Adenoviruses were the most explored viral vectors, and the most common immunodominant (Mtb) antigens were present in all the selected patents. The majority of patents were tested in mouse models by intranasal or subcutaneous route of immunization. In the coming years, an increased use of this platform for prophylactic and/or therapeutic approaches for TB and other diseases is expected. Along with this, expanding knowledge about the safety of this technology is essential to advance its use.
