Esteban Zavaleta-Monestel, Samuel Hasselmyr Hasselmyr, Jonathan García-Montero, Sebastián Arguedas-Chacón, Carolina Rojas-Chinchilla, José Pablo Díaz-Madriz
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health, impairing the efficacy of treatments against various infections. The World Health Organization highlights the impact of AMR on healthcare outcomes, including increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. Vaccination is a pivotal strategy to counter AMR, promoting immune defenses against infections and subsequently reducing the need for antimicrobials. This article assesses the role of vaccination in managing AMR, particularly within the scope of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs), by reviewing the effectiveness of existing vaccination strategies and their integration into the community. A comprehensive literature review was concluded using databases such as Google Scholar, Scielo, and PubMed, analyzing studies from 2005 to 2024. A total of 13 studies were included after screening 132 articles for relevance and eligibility. The studies highlight the substantial role of vaccines in reducing the reliance on antibiotics, especially for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, children, and those with chronic conditions. For instance, the introduction of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines significantly decreased rates of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. The review also discusses the indirect benefits of widespread vaccination, including herd immunity and decreased transmission of resistant strains. Vaccination is a critical element in the fight against AMR. Well-coordinated ASPs, by facilitating comprehensive vaccination programs, can significantly mitigate the rise of resistant infections, optimize antimicrobial usage, and improve patient outcomes in healthcare settings. The strategies outlined reflect global health objectives and emphasize the need for sustained efforts to enhance vaccine coverage and acceptance.
