Individual and contextual determinants associated with bullying in schoolchildren eight to ten years of age.
Luiza Jordânia Serafim de Araújo, Monalisa Cesarino Gomes, Ramon Targino Firmino, Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa, Saul Martins de Paiva, Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia
Author Information
Luiza Jordânia Serafim de Araújo: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. ORCID
Monalisa Cesarino Gomes: Department of Dentistry, Centro Universitário UNIFACISA, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. ORCID
Ramon Targino Firmino: Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil. ORCID
Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. ORCID
Saul Martins de Paiva: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, PB, Brazil. ORCID
Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. ORCID
Investigate individual and contextual determinants associated with bullying in schoolchildren eight to ten years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren, who answered a question about episodes of bullying related to oral health and questionnaires addressing childhood anxiety and orofacial dysfunction. The guardians provided information on sociodemographic characteristics, sleep disorders, and oral health literacy. Trained examiners assessed the children for the diagnosis of dental caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System, malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index, orofacial dysfunction using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening and traumatic dental injury (Andreasen criteria) (Kappa> 0.80). The contextual variables were the type of school and the monthly income of the school neighborhood. Descriptive statistics was performed to characterize the sample and unadjusted and adjusted (p <0.05) multilevel Poisson regression models were run. The prevalence of bullying was 13.3%. After the adjusted analysis, malocclusion (PR=1.59; 95%CI:1.03-2.44) and anxiety (PR=1.79; 95%CI:1.10-2.93) remained associated with bullying. In terms of context, the monthly income of the neighborhood of the school was associated with bullying (PR=1.75; 95%CI:1.12-2.72). Malocclusion and anxiety influenced the occurrence of bullying. A lower average income in the school neighborhood was an important contextual determinant for the increase in the prevalence of bullying.
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