: To understand whether TSH suppressive therapy affect short-term postoperative cancer-related depression and anxiety among DTC patients. To evaluate short-term postoperative psychological problems and its relationship with baseline parameters, fatigue, sleep quality, illness perception, and patients' quality of life. : This was a prospective, observational, single center study. This study involved 831 TC patients who consecutively admitted to the inpatient department of hospital between 1 June 2020 and 31 February 2021. : Mean scores of the self-rated anxiety scale (SAS) (49.04 vs. 40.69) and self-rated depression scale (SDS) (44.61 vs. 39.86), as well as the incidence of anxiety (41.5% vs. 22.1%) and depression (22.5% vs. 2.4%) significantly decreased 3 months after surgery. For personal and clinical characteristics, low educational background (SAS, = 1.392; SDS, = 1.622; and < 0.05), without children (SAS, = 4.068; SDS, = 1.873, and < 0.01), FNAC (SAS, = -0.981; SDS, = -2.583; and < 0.05), and multifocal tumor (SAS, = -1.287; SDS, = -2.681; and < 0.05) were the main effects for both short-term postoperative anxiety and depression. Multiple linear regression analysis identified the serum TSH level as a significant variable associated with worse SAS (Beta = -0.695 and =0.043) and SDS (Beta = -3.133 and < 0.001) scores 3 months after surgery. FT4 was independently associated with SAS scores (Beta = -0.202 and < 0.001). Patients with middle ATA risk had a significantly higher level of SDS scores (=0.033). : We confirmed that cancer-related anxiety and depression among DTC patients significantly alleviated 3 months after surgery. TSH suppression therapy has profound effects on cancer-related anxiety and depression, and the degree of anxiety and depression significantly deteriorated with the decrease of TSH level.
