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International journal of molecular sciences
Oct 22, 2024;25 (21):

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Hypothalamic Inflammation and Reproductive Outcomes: A Review of the Literature.

Galateia Stathori, Kyriaki Hatziagapiou, George Mastorakos, Nikolaos F Vlahos, Evangelia Charmandari, Georgios Valsamakis
Author Information
  1. Galateia Stathori: Center for Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
  2. Kyriaki Hatziagapiou: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, ENDO-ERN Center for Rare Pediatric Endocrine Disorders, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece. ORCID
  3. George Mastorakos: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aretaieion' University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece. ORCID
  4. Nikolaos F Vlahos: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aretaieion' University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece.
  5. Evangelia Charmandari: Center for Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece. ORCID
  6. Georgios Valsamakis: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aretaieion' University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece.
PMID: 39518897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252111344

Abstract

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental and industrial agents that interfere with hormonal functions. EDC exposure is linked to various endocrine diseases, especially in reproduction, although the mechanisms remain unclear and effects vary among individuals. Neuroinflammation, particularly hypothalamic inflammation, is an emerging research area with implications for endocrine-related diseases like obesity. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating reproduction, and its inflammation can adversely affect reproductive health. EDCs can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially causing hypothalamic inflammation and disrupting the reproductive axis. This review examines the existing literature on EDC-mediated hypothalamic inflammation. Our findings suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), tributyltin (TBT), phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and chlorpyrifos (CPF) in animals is linked to hypothalamic inflammation, specifically affecting the hypothalamic centers of the gonadotropic axis. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review on this topic, indicating hypothalamic inflammation as a possible mediator between EDC exposure and reproductive dysfunction. Further human studies are needed to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies against EDC exposure.

Keywords

BPA CPF PCB TBT TCDD endocrine-disrupting chemicals hypothalamic inflammation phthalates reproduction

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MeSH Term

Endocrine Disruptors
Humans
Hypothalamus
Animals
Reproduction
Inflammation
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Benzhydryl Compounds
Trialkyltin Compounds
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
Phenols

Chemicals

Endocrine Disruptors
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Benzhydryl Compounds
Trialkyltin Compounds
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
bisphenol A
Phenols
tributyltin
Journal Article Review

Word Cloud

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