OpenLB
Open Library of Bioscience
Advanced Search
Transfusion
Nov 26, 2024;

Risk factors for vasovagal reactions in blood donors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yaning Wu, Hongchao Qi, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Stephen Kaptoge, Angela M Wood, Lois G Kim
Author Information
  1. Yaning Wu: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ORCID
  2. Hongchao Qi: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ORCID
  3. Emanuele Di Angelantonio: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
  4. Stephen Kaptoge: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
  5. Angela M Wood: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
  6. Lois G Kim: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ORCID
PMID: 39587929 DOI: 10.1111/trf.18078

Abstract

BACKGROUND: While blood donation is generally safe, some donors experience vasovagal reactions (VVRs) that may lead to injury and reduce likelihood of future donation. Several risk factors for VVRs have been identified, but the consistency, magnitude, and validity of their associations have not been systematically evaluated. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence for VVR risk factors.
METHODS: Database searches identified English-language studies published before February 2024 describing VVR risk factors in voluntary whole blood donors. Study characteristics, VVR and risk factor assessment methods, and effect sizes were extracted. Random-effects models pooled estimates across all studies and subgroups of geographical context, study quality, donation experience, and outcome severity. Inconsistently and infrequently reported risk factors were narratively synthesized.
RESULTS: Totally 71 studies reporting a total of 19 million total donations were included. Female sex, new donor status, younger age, smaller blood volume, and lower blood pressure were positively associated with higher VVR risk. Donation-related fear, anxiety, and disgust were associated with higher VVR risk in narrative syntheses. Substantial between-study heterogeneity (I > 90%) was observed for the majority of risk factors, while there was no clear evidence of subgroup variability and small study effects.
CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a comprehensive synthesis of risk factors for VVRs across wide-ranging blood service contexts and symptom severities, reinforcing evidence for previously identified factors. The heterogeneous associations of several risk factors motivate large-scale studies that enable comprehensive multivariable adjustment to evidence donor selection criteria and preventative intervention allocation.

Keywords

donors

References

  1. Declaration of Alma‐Ata. 1978 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-1978-3938-43697-61471
  2. Blood safety and availability. 2023 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blood-safety-and-availability
  3. Amrein K, Valentin A, Lanzer G, Drexler C. Adverse events and safety issues in blood donation—a comprehensive review. Blood Rev. 2012;26:33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2011.09.003
  4. Newman BH, Graves S. A study of 178 consecutive vasovagal syncopal reactions from the perspective of safety. Transfusion. 2001;41:1475–1479. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41121475.x
  5. Young P, Crowder L, Steele W, Irving D, Pink J, Kutner JM, et al. Frequency of rare, serious donor reactions: international perspective. Transfusion. 2021;61:1780–1788. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.16333
  6. Masser BM, White KM, Terry DJ. Beliefs underlying the intention to donate again among first‐time blood donors who experience a mild adverse event. Transfus Apher Sci. 2013;49:278–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2013.06.008
  7. France CR, France JL, Roussos M, Ditto B. Mild reactions to blood donation predict a decreased likelihood of donor return. Transfus Apher Sci. 2004;30:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2003.08.014
  8. France CR, Rader A, Carlson B. Donors who react may not come back: analysis of repeat donation as a function of phlebotomist ratings of vasovagal reactions. Transfus Apher Sci. 2005;33:99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2005.02.005
  9. Donald SJ, McIntyre WF, Dingwall O, Hiebert B, Ponnampalam A, Seifer CM. Is donating blood for the faint of heart? A systematic review of predictors of syncope in whole blood donors. Transfusion. 2019;59:2865–2869. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15442
  10. Thijsen A, Masser B. Vasovagal reactions in blood donors: risks, prevention and management. Transfus Med. 2019;29:13–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/tme.12488
  11. Kellens A, De Buck E, Emonds M‐P, Vandekerckhove P, Lagae L. Is it safe for people with epilepsy to donate blood? A systematic review. Epilepsy Res. 2018;139:143–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.11.002
  12. Pauwels NS, Cusack L, De Buck E, Compernolle V, Vandekerckhove P. The effect of pre‐donation hypotension on whole blood donor adverse reactions: a systematic review. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2014;8:429–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2014.03.332
  13. Stainsby D, Brunskill S, Chapman CE, Dorée C, Stanworth S. Safety of blood donation from individuals with treated hypertension or non‐insulin dependent type 2 diabetes – a systematic review. Vox Sang. 2010;98:431–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01275.x
  14. Mowat Y, Hoad V, Haire B, Masser B, Kaldor J, Heywood A, et al. Prevalence of blood donation eligibility in Australia: a population survey. Transfusion. 2023;63:1519–1527. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.17474
  15. McMahon A, Kaptoge S, Walker M, Mehenny S, Gilchrist PT, Sambrook J, et al. Evaluation of interventions to prevent vasovagal reactions among whole blood donors: rationale and design of a large cluster randomised trial. Trials. 2023;24:512. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-023-07473-z
  16. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
  17. Standard for Surveillance of Complications Related to Blood Donation. 2014 https://www.aabb.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/resources/donor-standard-definitions.pdf
  18. Bravo M, Kamel H, Custer B, Tomasulo P. Factors associated with fainting ‐ before, during and after whole blood donation. Vox Sang. 2011;101:303–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01494.x
  19. Rios JA, Fang JY, Tu YL, Wright DJ, Spencer B, Hillyer CD, et al. The potential impact of selective donor deferrals based on estimated blood volume on vasovagal reactions and donor deferral rates. Transfusion. 2010;50:1265–1275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02578.x
  20. Goldman M, Germain M, Gregoire Y, Vassallo RR, Kamel H, Bravo M, et al. Safety of blood donation by individuals over age 70 and their contribution to the blood supply in five developed countries: a BEST collaborative group study. Transfusion. 2019;59:1267–1272. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15132
  21. Tomasulo P, Kamel H, Bravo M, James RC, Custer B. Interventions to reduce the vasovagal reaction rate in young whole blood donors. Transfusion. 2011;51:1511–1521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03074.x
  22. Kayser L. Photo measure. 2022 https://eleif.net/photomeasure
  23. Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta‐analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25:603–605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z
  24. Riley RD, Higgins JPT, Deeks JJ. Interpretation of random effects meta‐analyses. BMJ. 2011;342:d549. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d549
  25. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta‐analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7:177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2
  26. IntHout J, Ioannidis JPA, Borm GF. The Hartung‐Knapp‐Sidik‐Jonkman method for random effects meta‐analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian‐Laird method. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-25
  27. Shi F, Sun L, Kaptoge S. Association of beta‐2‐microglobulin and cardiovascular events and mortality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2021;320:70–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.01.018
  28. Ritchie H, Roser M. Age Structure. 2019 https://ourworldindata.org/age-structure
  29. Greenland S, Longnecker MP. Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose‐response data, with applications to meta‐analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135:1301–1309. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116237
  30. Orsini N, Bellocco R, Greenland S. Generalized least squares for trend estimation of summarized dose–response data. The Stata Journal. 2006;6:40–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0600600103
  31. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539–1558. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186
  32. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. J.P.T. Higgins, J. Thomas, J. Chandler, M. Cumpston, T. Li, M.J. Page, and V.A. Welch, eds. 2023.
  33. Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta‐analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629–634. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
  34. Rücker G, Schwarzer G, Carpenter J. Arcsine test for publication bias in meta‐analyses with binary outcomes. Stat Med. 2008;27:746–763. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2971
  35. Agarwal RK, Periyavan S, Dhanya R, Parmar LG, Sedai A, Ankita K, et al. Complications related to blood donation: a multicenter study of the prevalence and influencing factors in voluntary blood donation camps in Karnataka, India. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2016;10:53–58. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6247.165840
  36. Almutairi H, Salam M, Alajlan A, Wani F, Al‐Shammari B, Al‐Surimi K. Incidence, predictors and severity of adverse events among whole blood donors. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0179831. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179831
  37. Fraile N, Fernandez‐Cano E, Ramos A, Lopez‐Aguilar J‐C, Jimenez‐Moreno M‐E, Pereira A. Vasovagal syncope after blood donation in active duty military personnel of the Spanish Army. Transfusion. 2021;61:2925–2929. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.16603
  38. Kuttath V, Nair H, Nair M. Role of Predonation hydration in the prevention of Postdonation vasovagal reactions in first time blood donors: a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2021;15:EC47‐EC51. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2021/47675.15447
  39. Majlessi F, Ghafari S, Rahimi‐Foroushani A, Maghsoodlou M. Systemic complications and their risk factors among Tehranian blood donor, 2005. Acta Med Iran. 2008;46:253–257.
  40. Philip J, Sarkar RS, Jain N. A single‐centre study of vasovagal reaction in blood donors: influence of age, sex, donation status, weight, total blood volume and volume of blood collected. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2014;8:43–46. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6247.126690
  41. Sachdev S, Singh L, Sharma RR, Marwaha N. A study on the effect of pre‐donation salt loading on vasovagal reactions in Young college going whole blood donors. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2017;33:592–597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12288-017-0787-y
  42. France CR, Hanson SA. Social support attenuates presyncopal reactions to blood donation. Transfusion. 2009;49:843–850. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.02057.x
  43. France CR, France JL, Himawan LK, Stephens KY, Frame‐Brown TA, Venable GA, et al. How afraid are you of having blood drawn from your arm? A simple fear question predicts vasovagal reactions without causing them among high school donors. Transfusion. 2013;53:315–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03726.x
  44. France CR, France JL, Conatser R, Lux P, McCullough J, Erickson Y. Predonation fears identify young donors at risk for vasovagal reactions. Transfusion. 2019;59:2870–2875. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15424
  45. Kaloupek DG, Scott JR, Khatami V. Assessment of coping strategies associated with syncope in blood donors. J Psychosom Res. 1985;29:207–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(85)90043-1
  46. Newman BH. Vasovagal reaction rates and body weight: findings in high‐ and low‐risk populations. Transfusion. 2003;43:1084–1088. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00478.x
  47. van den Berg K, Lam J, Bruhn R, Custer B, Murphy EL. Water administration and the risk of syncope and presyncope during blood donation: a randomized clinical trial. Transfusion. 2012;52:2577–2584. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03631.x
  48. Vavic N, Pagliariccio A, Bulajic M, Dinic R, Marinozzi M. Giving blood donors something to drink before donation can prevent fainting symptoms: is there a physiological or psychological reason? Transfus Apher Sci. 2014;51:65–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2014.03.010
  49. Wong HK, Lee CK, Leung JN, Lee IY, Lin CK. Reduction in vasovagal reaction rate in young first‐time blood donors by collecting 350 mL rather than 450 mL. Transfusion. 2013;53:2763–2765. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.12134
  50. Ditto B, Adler PS, France C, France J. Family history of hypertension and vasovagal symptoms during blood donation. J Behav Med. 1995;18:331–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01857658
  51. Ditto B, France CR. Vasovagal symptoms mediate the relationship between predonation anxiety and subsequent blood donation in female volunteers. Transfusion. 2006;46:1006–1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00835.x
  52. Ditto B, Gilchrist PT, Holly CD. Fear‐related predictors of vasovagal symptoms during blood donation: It's in the blood. J Behav Med. 2012;35:393–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-011-9366-0
  53. Ditto B, Balegh S, Gilchrist PT, Holly CD. Relation between perceived blood loss and vasovagal symptoms in blood donors. Clin Auton Res. 2012;22:113–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-011-0147-1
  54. Ditto B, Byrne N, Holly C, Balegh S. Social contagion of vasovagal reactions in the blood collection clinic: a possible example of mass psychogenic illness. Health Psychol. 2014;33:639–645. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000053
  55. France CR, France JL, Frame‐Brown TA, Venable GA, Menitove JE. Fear of blood draw and total draw time combine to predict vasovagal reactions among whole blood donors. Transfusion. 2016;56:179–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.13264
  56. France CR, France JL, Kowalsky JM, Conatser R, Duffy L, Barnofsky N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a tablet‐based intervention to address predonation fears among high school donors. Transfusion. 2020;60:1450–1453. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15790
  57. France CR, France JL, Himawan LK, Lux P, McCullough J. Donation related fears predict vasovagal reactions and donor attrition among high school donors. Transfusion. 2021;61:102–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.16099
  58. Mennitto S, Harrison J, Ritz T, Robillard P, France CR, Ditto B. Respiration and applied tension strategies to reduce vasovagal reactions to blood donation: a randomized controlled trial. Transfusion. 2019;59:566–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15046
  59. Mennitto S, Ritz T, Robillard P, France CR, Ditto B. Hyperventilation as a predictor of blood donation‐related vasovagal symptoms. Psychosom Med. 2020;82:377–383. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000800
  60. Labus JS, France CR, Taylor BK. Vasovagal reactions in volunteer blood donors: analyzing the predictive power of the medical fears survey. Int J Behav Med. 2000;7:62–72. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327558IJBM0701_5
  61. Meade MA, France CR, Peterson LM. Predicting vasovagal reactions in volunteer blood donors. J Psychosom Res. 1996;40:495–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(95)00639-7
  62. Broadwater DR, Krause KA, Lynch DT, Kendelhardt JD. Are bradycardic donors more likely to have adverse outcomes during blood donation? Mil Med. 2021;188:e1018–e1021. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usab416
  63. Brunson DC, Belanger GA, Sussmann H, Fine AM, Pandey S, Pham TD. Factors associated with first‐time and repeat blood donation: adverse reactions and effects on donor behavior. Transfusion. 2022;62:1269–1279. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.16893
  64. Burkhardt T, Dimanski B, Karl R, Sievert U, Karl A, Hubler C, et al. Donor vigilance data of a blood transfusion service: a multicenter analysis. Transfus Apher Sci. 2015;53:180–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2015.03.014
  65. Dunbar N, Katz J, Nambiar A. The potential impact of new donor height and weight criteria on young donor eligibility and faint or prefaint reaction rates. Transfusion. 2011;51:737–741. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02918.x
  66. Eder AF, Hillyer CD, Dy BA, Notari EPT, Benjamin RJ. Adverse reactions to allogeneic whole blood donation by 16‐ and 17‐year‐olds. JAMA. 2008;299:2279–2286. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.19.2279
  67. Eder AF, Notari EPT, Dodd RY. Do reactions after whole blood donation predict syncope on return donation? Transfusion. 2012;52:2570–2576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03666.x
  68. Gillet P, Rapaille A, Benoit A, Ceinos M, Bertrand O, de Bouyalsky I, et al. First‐time whole blood donation: a critical step for donor safety and retention on first three donations. Transfus Clin Biol. 2015;22:312–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2015.09.002
  69. Goldman M, Osmond L, Yi Q‐L, Cameron‐Choi K, O'Brien SF. Frequency and risk factors for donor reactions in an anonymous blood donor survey. Transfusion. 2013;53:1979–1984. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.12011
  70. Muller‐Steinhardt M, Muller‐Kuller T, Weiss C, Menzel D, Wiesneth M, Seifried E, et al. Safety and frequency of whole blood donations from elderly donors. Vox Sang. 2012;102:134–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01531.x
  71. Newman BH. Vasovagal reactions in high school students: findings relative to race, risk factor synergism, female sex, and non‐high school participants. Transfusion. 2002;42:1557–1560. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00238.x
  72. Newman BH, Satz SL, Janowicz NM, Siegfried BA. Donor reactions in high‐school donors: the effects of sex, weight, and collection volume. Transfusion. 2006;46:284–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00713.x
  73. Newman B, Tommolino E, Andreozzi C, Joychan S, Pocedic J, Heringhausen J. The effect of a 473‐mL (16‐oz) water drink on vasovagal donor reaction rates in high‐school students. Transfusion. 2007;47:1524–1533. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01293.x
  74. Nilsson Sojka B, Sojka P. The blood‐donation experience: perceived physical, psychological and social impact of blood donation on the donor. Vox Sang. 2003;84:120–128.
  75. Pisciotto P, Sataro P, Blumberg N. Incidence of adverse reactions in blood donors taking antihypertensive medications. Transfusion. 1982;22:530–531. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068620.x
  76. Reiss RF, Harkin R, Lessig M, Mascari J. Rates of vaso‐vagal reactions among first time teenaged whole blood, double red cell, and plateletpheresis donors. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2009;39:138–143.
  77. Schmidt RT. Personality and fainting. J Psychosom Res. 1975;19:21–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999%2875%2990046-X
  78. Stewart KR, France CR, Rader AW, Stewart JC. Phlebotomist interpersonal skill predicts a reduction in reactions among volunteer blood donors. Transfusion. 2006;46:1394–1401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00908.x
  79. Thijsen A, Masser B, Davison TE. Reduced risk of vasovagal reactions in Australian whole blood donors after national implementation of applied muscle tension and water loading. Transfusion. 2020;60:918–921. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15701
  80. van den Hurk K, Peffer K, Habets K, Atsma F, Jong P, van Noord PAH, et al. Blood donors' physical characteristics are associated with pre‐ and post‐donation symptoms ‐ donor InSight. Blood Transfus. 2017;15:405–412. https://doi.org/10.2450/2016.0023-16
  81. Veldhuizen I, Atsma F, van Dongen A, de Kort W. Adverse reactions, psychological factors, and their effect on donor retention in men and women. Transfusion. 2012;52:1871–1879. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03551.x
  82. Wiersum‐Osselton JC, Marijt‐van der Kreek T, Brand A, Veldhuizen I, van der Bom JG, de Kort W. Risk factors for complications in donors at first and repeat whole blood donation: a cohort study with assessment of the impact on donor return. Blood Transfus. 2014;12(Suppl 1):s28–s36. https://doi.org/10.2450/2013.0262-12
  83. Wiersum‐Osselton J, Romeijn B, van den Brekel E, van Dongen A, Hermans F, Bokhorst A, et al. Can we prevent vasovagal reactions in young inexperienced whole blood donors? A placebo controlled study comparing effects of a 330 vs 500 mL water drink prior to donation. Transfusion. 2019;59:555–565. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15065
  84. Wiltbank TB, Giordano GE, Kamel H, Tomasulo P, Custer B. Faint and prefaint reactions in whole‐blood donors: an analysis of predonation measurements and their predictive value. Transfusion. 2008;48:1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01745.x
  85. Krumholz A, Ness PM, Hauser WA, Douglas DK, Gibble JW. Regulations prohibiting blood donation by individuals with seizures or epilepsy are not necessary. Med Law. 1997;16:339–347.
  86. Thijsen A, Masser B, Davison TE, van Dongen A, Williams LA. Beyond fear: a longitudinal investigation of emotions and risk of a vasovagal reaction in first‐time whole‐blood donors. Transfusion. 2023;63:163–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.17169
  87. Ferguson E. Intellect and somatic health: associations with hypochondriacal concerns, perceived threat and fainting. Psychother Psychosom. 2001;70:319–327. https://doi.org/10.1159/000056272
  88. France CR, France JL, Kowalsky JM, Ellis GD, Copley DM, Geneser A, et al. Assessment of donor fear enhances prediction of presyncopal symptoms among volunteer blood donors. Transfusion. 2012;52:375–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03294.x
  89. Mennitto S, Vachon DD, Ritz T, Robillard P, France CR, Ditto B. Social contagion of vasovagal symptoms in blood donors: interactions with empathy. Ann Behav Med. 2021;56:645–653. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab089
  90. Rudokaite J, Ertugrul IO, Ong S, Janssen MP, Huis in 't Veld E. Predicting vasovagal reactions to needles from facial action units. J Clin Med. 2023;12:1644. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041644
  91. Rudokaite J, Ong LLS, Onal Ertugrul I, Janssen MP, Huis In 't Veld EMJ. Predicting vasovagal reactions to needles with anticipatory facial temperature profiles. Sci Rep. 2023;13:9667. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36207-z
  92. Viar MA, Etzel EN, Ciesielski BG, Olatunji BO. Disgust, anxiety, and vasovagal syncope sensations: a comparison of injection‐fearful and nonfearful blood donors. J Anxiety Disord. 2010;24:941–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.021
  93. Vossbeck‐Elsebusch AN, Gerlach AL. The relation between disgust‐sensitivity, blood‐injection‐injury fears and vasovagal symptoms in blood donors: disgust sensitivity cannot explain fainting or blood donation‐related symptoms. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012;43:607–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.08.005
  94. Goldman M, Uzicanin S, Marquis‐Boyle L, O'Brien SF. Implementation of measures to reduce vasovagal reactions: donor participation and results. Transfusion. 2021;61:1764–1771. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.16375
  95. Nadler SB, Hidalgo JH, Bloch T. Prediction of blood volume in normal human adults. Surgery. 1962;51:224–232.
  96. Inaba S, Takanashi M, Matsuzaki K, Ono Y, Nakajima K, Shibata R, et al. Analysis of a questionnaire on adverse reactions to blood donation in Japan. Transfus Apher Sci. 2013;48:21–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2012.07.012
  97. Ganzeboom KS, Colman N, Reitsma JB, Shen WK, Wieling W. Prevalence and triggers of syncope in medical students. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:1006–1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00127-9
  98. Serletis A, Rose S, Sheldon AG, Sheldon RS. Vasovagal syncope in medical students and their first‐degree relatives. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:1965–1970. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehl147
  99. Imai K, Tanaka F, Kawano S, Esaki K, Arakawa J, Nishiyama T, et al. Incidence and risk factors of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and immunization stress‐related responses with COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10:2667–2676.e2610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2022.07.027
  100. Yoshimoto A, Yasumoto A, Kamiichi Y, Shibayama H, Sato M, Misawa Y, et al. Analysis of vasovagal syncope in the blood collection room in patients undergoing phlebotomy. Sci Rep. 2020;10:17933. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74265-9
  101. Yang Y, Zhang Z, Li T, Gu Z, Sun Y. Risk factors for vasovagal reaction associated with cerebral angiography via femoral catheterisation. Interv Neuroradiol. 2017;23:546–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/1591019917717577
  102. Herman LL, Kurtz RC, McKee KJ, Sun M, Thaler HT, Winawer SJ. Risk factors associated with vasovagal reactions during colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1993;39:388–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(93)70111-X
  103. Kennedy DJ, Schneider B, Casey E, Rittenberg J, Conrad B, Smuck M, et al. Vasovagal rates in flouroscopically guided interventional procedures: a study of over 8,000 injections. Pain Med. 2013;14:1854–1859. https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12241
  104. Fu Q, Levine BD. Syncope prevention in blood donors: when to do what? Transfusion. 2016;56:2399–2402. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.13775
  105. Kumar K, Sachdev S, Marwaha N, Sharma RR. Role of salt supplementation on vasovagal reactions in young whole blood donors. ISBT Sci Ser. 2020;15:253–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/voxs.12538
  106. Meher R, Patidar GK, Chaurasia R, Pandey HC, Hazarika A. Prevention strategies for vasovagal reaction in whole blood donors: a quadri‐armed randomised control trial. Transfus Med. 2024;34:20–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/tme.13026
  107. Morand C, Coudurier N, Rolland C, Thoret S, Legrand D, Tiberghien P, et al. Prevention of syncopal‐type reactions after whole blood donation: a cluster‐randomized trial assessing hydration and muscle tension exercise. Transfusion. 2016;56:2412–2421. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.13716
  108. Mathias CJ, Young TM. Water drinking in the management of orthostatic intolerance due to orthostatic hypotension, vasovagal syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Eur J Neurol. 2004;11:613–619. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.00840.x
  109. Fu Q, Arbab‐Zadeh A, Perhonen MA, Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Hemodynamics of orthostatic intolerance: implications for gender differences. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004;286:H449–H457. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00735.2002
  110. Fu Q, Witkowski S, Okazaki K, Levine BD. Effects of gender and hypovolemia on sympathetic neural responses to orthostatic stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005;289:R109–R116. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00013.2005
  111. Esler MD, Thompson JM, Kaye DM, Turner AG, Jennings GL, Cox HS, et al. Effects of aging on the responsiveness of the human cardiac sympathetic nerves to stressors. Circulation. 1995;91:351–358. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.91.2.351
  112. Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ, Deharo J‐C, Elliott PM, Fanciulli A, et al. 2018 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:1883–1948. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037
  113. Alboni DP, Alboni M. Relationship between emotional bradycardia in animals and vasovagal syncope in humans. Physiol Behav. 2022;246:113692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113692
  114. Overweight adults. 2023 https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/health/diet-and-exercise/overweight-adults/latest/
  115. Trend Tables. 2017 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/2017/058.pdf
  116. Chadwick A, Freeman D, Freeman J, Innocenti S, Lambe S, Larkin M, et al. Injection fears and COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. Psychol Med. 2023;53:1185–1195. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721002609
  117. McLenon J, Rogers MAM. The fear of needles: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2019;75:30–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13818
  118. MacLennan S. Points of Care. 2014 https://www.transfusionguidelines.org/document‐library/documents/change‐notification‐no‐25‐2014/download‐file/Change%20Notification%20No%2025%202014%20‐%20Points%20of%20Care%20‐%20Red%20Book%20‐%20appendix%201%20of%20chapter%205%20WB%20DSG.pdf
  119. Neimann Rasmussen L, Montgomery P. The prevalence of and factors associated with inclusion of non‐English language studies in Campbell systematic reviews: a survey and meta‐epidemiological study. Syst Rev. 2018;7:129. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-018-0786-6
  120. Bol JA, Sheffel A, Zia N, Meghani A. How to address the geographical bias in academic publishing. BMJ Glob Health. 2023;8:e013111. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013111
  121. Bhardwaj K, Bassi R, Singh MJ, Singal P, Sharma A, Bhardwaj HS. Adverse donor reactions in whole blood and blood component donors of a tertiary Care Hospital of Punjab, India. Res J Pharm, Biol Chem Sci. 2014;5:306–313.
  122. Nchinda EC, Tagny CT, Mbanya D. Blood donor haemovigilance in Yaounde, Cameroon. Transfus Med. 2012;22:257–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3148.2012.01161.x
  123. Seheult JN, Lund ME, Yazer MH, Titlestad K. Factors associated with vasovagal reactions in apheresis plasma and whole blood donors: a statistical‐epidemiological study in a European donor cohort. Blood Res. 2016;51:293–296. https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2016.51.4.293
  124. Franchini M, Gandini G, Gandini AR, Crocco I, De Gironcoli M, Bertuzzo D, et al. Frequency of adverse events during blood and apheresis donations: a single‐center study. Infusionsther Transfusionsmed. 2002;29:200–205. https://doi.org/10.1159/000065315
  125. Lewin A, Deschenes J, Rabusseau I, Thibeault C, Renaud C, Germain M. Pre‐donation water and salty snacks to prevent vasovagal reactions among blood donors. Transfusion. 2023;63:156–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.17173
  126. Piccinini V, Marano G, Catalano L, Pati I, Veropalumbo E, de Waure C, et al. Vasovagal reactions in whole blood and apheresis donors: a cross‐sectional study on donor haemovigilance data from 2016 to 2019 in Italy. Blood Transfus. 2022;20:281–291. https://doi.org/10.2450/2021.0114-21
  127. Allain JP, Sibinga CT. Family donors are critical and legitimate in developing countries. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2016;10:5–11. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6247.164270
  128. Aegisdottir HM, Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Stefansson OA, Gunnarsson B, Tragante V, et al. Genetic variants associated with syncope implicate neural and autonomic processes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:1070–1080. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad016

Grants

  1. NIHR203337/National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour
  2. NIHR303137/National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour
  3. RE/24/130011/BHF Cambridge Centre for Research Excellence
  4. RG/18/13/33946/British Heart Foundation
  5. RG/F/23/110103/British Heart Foundation
  6. BCDSA\100005/BHF-Turing Cardiovascular Data Science Award
  7. CH/12/2/29428/BHF Chair Award
Journal Article Review

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0riskfactorsbloodVVRevidencestudiesdonationdonorsVVRsidentifiedsystematicreviewmeta-analysisexperiencevasovagalreactionsassociationssynthesizedacrossstudytotaldonorassociatedhighercomprehensiveBACKGROUND:generallysafemayleadinjuryreducelikelihoodfutureSeveralconsistencymagnitudevaliditysystematicallyevaluatedThereforeMETHODS:DatabasesearchesEnglish-languagepublishedFebruary2024describingvoluntarywholeStudycharacteristicsfactorassessmentmethodseffectsizesextractedRandom-effectsmodelspooledestimatessubgroupsgeographicalcontextqualityoutcomeseverityInconsistentlyinfrequentlyreportednarrativelyRESULTS:Totally71reporting19milliondonationsincludedFemalesexnewstatusyoungeragesmallervolumelowerpressurepositivelyDonation-relatedfearanxietydisgustnarrativesynthesesSubstantialbetween-studyheterogeneityI > 90%observedmajorityclearsubgroupvariabilitysmalleffectsCONCLUSION:providessynthesiswide-rangingservicecontextssymptomseveritiesreinforcingpreviouslyheterogeneousseveralmotivatelarge-scaleenablemultivariableadjustmentselectioncriteriapreventativeinterventionallocationRiskdonors:

Similar Articles

Cited By