The expansion of Chinese spiny frog () aquaculture has increased the prevalence and severity of diseases such as "skin rot" disease, which is triggered by harmful bacteria. Previous studies have mainly focused on pathogen identification and vaccine development. However, frog immune responses following pathogenic bacterial infection have hardly been investigated. We thus examined the immune response of Chinese spiny frog to skin rot disease caused by . The liver transcriptomes of Chinese spiny frog infected with were sequenced using the MGISEQ-2000 platform. We identified a total of 138,936 unigenes, of which 32.35% were known genes. After infection with , 801 genes showed differential expression, with 507 upregulated and 294 downregulated genes. These differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling, according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Following infection, immune genes, including , , , , and , were significantly upregulated, while , , , , and were significantly downregulated. The results provide important information on how the immune system of Chinese spiny frog responds to infection and help understand the development of skin rot in cultured frog species.
