Tumor energy metabolism plays a crucial role in the occurrence, progression, and drug resistance of tumors. The study of tumor energy metabolism has gradually become an emerging field of tumor treatment. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation is closely linked to tumor energy metabolism, influencing the metabolic remodeling and biological traits of tumor cells. This review focuses on the primary pathways of tumor energy metabolism and explores therapeutic strategies to target these pathways. It covers key areas such as glycolysis, the Warburg effect, mitochondrial function, oxidative phosphorylation, and the metabolic adaptability of tumors. Additionally, this article examines the role of the epigenetic regulator SWI/SNF complex in tumor metabolism, specifically its interactions with glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Summarizing therapeutic strategies aimed at these metabolic pathways, including inhibitors of glycolysis, mitochondrial-targeted drugs, exploitation of metabolic vulnerabilities, and recent developments related to SWI/SNF complexes as potential targets. The clinical significance, challenges, and future directions of tumor metabolism research are discussed, including strategies to overcome drug resistance, the potential of combination therapy, and the application of new technologies.
