Autochthonous simian malaria in Brazil outside the Amazon: Emergence, zoonotic transmission and implications for disease control.
Beatriz Pires da Silva, Ricardo Louren��o-de-Oliveira, Jacqueline de Aguiar Barros, Patr��cia Brasil, Cl��udio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro, Maria de F��tima Ferreira da Cruz
Author Information
Beatriz Pires da Silva: Laborat��rio de Pesquisa em Mal��ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda����o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
Ricardo Louren��o-de-Oliveira: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda����o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
Jacqueline de Aguiar Barros: Centro de Informa����es Estrat��gicas em Vigil��ncia em Sa��de (CIEVS)/SVS/SMSA-BV, Roraima, Brazil.
Patr��cia Brasil: Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Cl��udio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro: Laborat��rio de Pesquisa em Mal��ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda����o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
Maria de F��tima Ferreira da Cruz: Laborat��rio de Pesquisa em Mal��ria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda����o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
Although humanmalaria is endemic in the Brazilian Amazonian region, autochthonous cases are registered regularly outside this region in areas under the couverture of the Atlantic Forest biome. The infecting species in the Atlantic Forest was initially believed to be the classical However, these locations have epidemiological characteristics that contribute to maintaining zoonotic monkey malaria, showing a great adaptation to different hosts, and many years later, it was discovered that almost all humanmalaria cases in the Atlantic Forest correspond to zoonosis. This review reported the history of discovering human infections by parasites originating from non-human primates in Brazil. It also examines epidemiology and underscores the need for specific preventive measures in the malaria elimination era. The data gathered so far have demonstrated that several factors enable zoonotic disease transmission in these areas. Given the facilitating ecological aspects involved and the scarce knowledge of the disease by the populations of the non-endemic area, this scenario adds difficulty to the challenge of eliminating malaria in Brazil.
