Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications - A Review.
Mohamed T El-Saadony, Guihong Fang, Si Yan, Samar Sami Alkafaas, Mahmoud A El Nasharty, Sohila A Khedr, Aya Misbah Hussien, Soumya Ghosh, Mthokozisi Dladla, Sara Samy Elkafas, Essam H Ibrahim, Heba Mohammed Salem, Walid F A Mosa, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed, Dina Mostafa Mohammed, Sameh A Korma, Marawan K El-Tarabily, Ahmed M Saad, Khaled A El-Tarabily, Synan F AbuQamar
Author Information
Mohamed T El-Saadony: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt. ORCID
Guihong Fang: School of Public Health, Heinz Mehlhorn Academician Workstation, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, People's Republic of China.
Si Yan: Qionghai People's Hospital, Qionghai, Hainan, 571400, People's Republic of China.
Samar Sami Alkafaas: Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt. ORCID
Mahmoud A El Nasharty: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt. ORCID
Sohila A Khedr: Industrial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31733, Egypt.
Aya Misbah Hussien: Biotechnology Department at Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
Soumya Ghosh: Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
Mthokozisi Dladla: Human Molecular Biology Unit (School of Biomedical Sciences), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa. ORCID
Sara Samy Elkafas: Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Shebin El Kom, Menofia, 32511, Egypt.
Essam H Ibrahim: Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
Heba Mohammed Salem: Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt. ORCID
Walid F A Mosa: Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed: Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
Dina Mostafa Mohammed: Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
Sameh A Korma: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Marawan K El-Tarabily: Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Ahmed M Saad: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Khaled A El-Tarabily: Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates. ORCID
Synan F AbuQamar: Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates. ORCID
Over the last decade, biomedical nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable biological properties and diverse applications in biomedicine. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly notable for their wide range of medicinal uses, including antibacterial, anticancer, biosensing, cell imaging, and drug/gene delivery. Among these, zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs stand out for their versatility and effectiveness. Recently, ZnO NPs have become a primary material in various sectors, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, antimicrobials, construction, textile, and automotive industries. ZnO NPs can generate reactive oxygen species and induce cellular apoptosis, thus underpinning their potent anticancer and antibacterial properties. To meet the growing demand, numerous synthetic approaches have been developed to produce ZnO NPs. However, traditional manufacturing processes often involve significant economic and environmental costs, prompting a search for more sustainable alternatives. Intriguingly, biological synthesis methods utilizing plants, plant extracts, or microorganisms have emerged as ideal for producing ZnO NPs. These green production techniques offer numerous medicinal, economic, environmental, and health benefits. This review highlights the latest advancements in the green synthesis of ZnO NPs and their biomedical applications, showcasing their potential to revolutionize the field with eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions.
