Exploring the complexities of slum vulnerability in Haryana, India: a qualitative research journey into economic, social, physical, and health dimensions.
Manmeet Kaur, Abhishek Sharma, P P Vijin, Rupinder Kaur, Rajbir Kaur, G Anupama, Prabhjot Singh, V K Bansal, Nidhi Sharma, Mona Sahni, Jyoti Gupta, Pvm Lakshmi, Rajesh Kumar
Author Information
Manmeet Kaur: Health Equity Action Learnings, Chandigarh, India.
Abhishek Sharma: Health Equity Action Learnings, Chandigarh, India. ORCID
P P Vijin: Health Equity Action Learnings, Chandigarh, India.
Rupinder Kaur: Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Rajbir Kaur: Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
G Anupama: Health Department, Government of India, Haryana, India.
Prabhjot Singh: National health Mission, Government of India, Haryana, India.
V K Bansal: National health Mission, Government of India, Haryana, India.
Nidhi Sharma: National Urban health Mission, Government of India, Haryana, India.
Mona Sahni: National Urban health Mission, Government of India, Haryana, India.
Jyoti Gupta: National Urban health Mission, Government of India, Haryana, India.
Pvm Lakshmi: Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Rajesh Kumar: Health Equity Action Learnings, Chandigarh, India.
PURPOSE: The study explores the conditions contributing to slum dweller's vulnerability to poor health and examines interplay between economic, physical/infrastructural, and social factors affecting health status to inform policy and programme. METHODS: The methodology deployed for data analysis was mixed deductive-inductive. A deductive framework was adapted for categorizing the data into four broad themes: Economic, Physical/Infrastructure, Social, and Health. Using Braun and Clarke's principle, we also mapped sub themes based on researchers' insights with the experiences shared by the slum populations. The study was conducted across 13 districts in slum areas to gather information from vulnerable groups based on the 40 focus group discussions. FINDINGS: Poverty serves as a primary driver of domestic/internal migration from rural to urban areas, aggravating issues such as illiteracy, unemployment, and inadequate living conditions, which predispose slum dwellers to various health problems. Limited access to food, poor water quality, and improper waste disposal further compound health risks. People living in slums face economic, social, and physical vulnerabilities leading to health vulnerability and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Enhancing the health and well-being of slum dwellers requires adopting an integrated and comprehensive approach of policy intervention, community mobilization, and multisectoral intervention.
