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BMC microbiology
Dec 28, 2024;24 (1): 546.

Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiling, and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Mazandaran, Iran.

Ghazaleh Elahi, Hamid Reza Goli, Morvarid Shafiei, Vajihe Sadat Nikbin, Mehrdad Gholami
Author Information
  1. Ghazaleh Elahi: Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
  2. Hamid Reza Goli: Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
  3. Morvarid Shafiei: Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
  4. Vajihe Sadat Nikbin: Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
  5. Mehrdad Gholami: Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. mehrdad_gholami90@yahoo.com.
PMID: 39732629 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03707-5

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly in immunocompromised patients, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence gene profiles, and genetic diversity among P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients in Mazandaran, Iran.
METHODS: From September 2021 to April 2022, 82 non-duplicate P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from diverse clinical sources. Identification was confirmed using API 20 NE (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines to assess resistance to a range of antibiotics. The virulence profile (exoT, exoY, exoU, toxA, plcH, plcN, algD, aprA, lasB and exoS) of each P. aeruginosa isolate was determined by PCR. The genetic diversity among the strains was evaluated using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Clustering was based on a Dice similarity coefficient of ≥ 85%.
RESULTS: Of the 82 total strains, P. aeruginosa exhibited the highest and lowest resistance toward ticarcillin-clavulanate (98.78%) and colistin (0%), respectively. Moreover, 100% of the P. aeruginosa isolates were MDR. The following prevalence of virulence factor genes was observed: aprA, lasB, algD, toxA, plcH, exoY, and exoT in 100% of isolates. The plcN, exoS, and exoU were identified 98.78%, 67.07%, and 45.12%, respectively. The RAPD patterns obtained with primers 272 and 208 had respectively 2-19 and 6-17 bands. According to the Dice similarity coefficient of higher than 85%, 56 and 39 clusters were recognized.
CONCLUSION: The high rate of multidrug resistance combined with the widespread presence of virulence genes in P. aeruginosa isolates highlights the potential for increased infection severity, morbidity, and mortality in hospitalized patients. The substantial genetic diversity observed among isolates suggests that P. aeruginosa in this region may rapidly evolve, necessitating ongoing surveillance and more targeted antimicrobial strategies.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Keywords

P. aeruginosa Antibiotic resistance Multidrug-resistant RAPD Virulence gene

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MeSH Term

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Iran
Humans
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Genetic Variation
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Virulence Factors
Pseudomonas Infections
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Virulence
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Adult
Cross Infection

Chemicals

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Virulence Factors
Journal Article

Word Cloud

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