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12 28, 2024;14 (1): 31125.

Antifungal activity of essential oils and their potential synergistic effect with amphotericin B.

Xin Yuan, Dan Cao, Yanghui Xiang, Xiuzhi Jiang, Jiaying Liu, Kefan Bi, Xu Dong, Tiantian Wu, Ying Zhang
Author Information
  1. Xin Yuan: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  2. Dan Cao: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  3. Yanghui Xiang: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  4. Xiuzhi Jiang: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  5. Jiaying Liu: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  6. Kefan Bi: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  7. Xu Dong: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  8. Tiantian Wu: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
  9. Ying Zhang: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. yzhang207@zju.edu.cn.
PMID: 39732745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-82380-0

Abstract

Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen, causing infections ranging from superficial to bloodstream infections. The limited antifungal options and rising drug resistance challenge clinical treatment. We screened 98 essential oils and identified 48 with antifungal activity against Candida albicans at 1% concentration, determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Of these, 14 maintained fungicidal activity at lower concentrations (0.25% and 0.125%). 5 essential oils (Cinnamon, Satureja montana, Palmarosa, Lemon eucalyptus, and Honey myrtle) showed the highest inhibitory effects on stationary-phase Candida albicans and inhibited hyphae elongation. Synergistic effects were observed when combining Palmarosa with amphotericin B (AmB) against growing-phase Candida albicans, while Cinnamon and Satureja montana with AmB showed superior efficacy against stationary-phase infections. We identified the active components of 5 essential oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and found the following main constituents: Cinnamon primarily contains benzyl benzoate and eugenol, Satureja montana is dominated by carvacrol and cymene, Palmarosa features geraniol and geranyl acetate, Lemon eucalyptus includes dl-Isopulegol and citronellal, and Honey myrtle is characterized by citral and neral. Our results may aid in developing more effective antifungal treatments.

Keywords

Candida albicans Antimicrobial activity Drug combination Essential oils GC-MS Stationary phase

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Grants

  1. (YZ)(B2022011-1)/National Infectious Disease Medical Center startup fund
  2. JNL-2022050B/Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory project

MeSH Term

Antifungal Agents
Oils, Volatile
Amphotericin B
Drug Synergism
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Candida albicans
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Satureja
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Eucalyptus
Cymenes

Chemicals

Antifungal Agents
Oils, Volatile
Amphotericin B
carvacrol
Cymenes
Journal Article
Article has an altmetric score of 1

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0CandidaalbicansoilsessentialactivityinfectionsantifungalCinnamonSaturejamontanaPalmarosaidentifiedinhibitoryconcentrations05LemoneucalyptusHoneymyrtleshowedeffectsstationary-phaseamphotericinBAmBGC-MScommonopportunisticpathogencausingrangingsuperficialbloodstreamlimitedoptionsrisingdrugresistancechallengeclinicaltreatmentscreened98481%concentrationdeterminingminimumMIC14maintainedfungicidallower25%125%highestinhibitedhyphaeelongationSynergisticobservedcombininggrowing-phasesuperiorefficacyactivecomponentsusinggaschromatography-massspectrometryfoundfollowingmainconstituents:primarilycontainsbenzylbenzoateeugenoldominatedcarvacrolcymenefeaturesgeraniolgeranylacetateincludesdl-IsopulegolcitronellalcharacterizedcitralneralresultsmayaiddevelopingeffectivetreatmentsAntifungalpotentialsynergisticeffectAntimicrobialDrugcombinationEssentialStationaryphase

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