Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Treatment Results in Growth Promotion, Main Flavonoids Extraction, and Phytochemical Profile Modulation of Georgi Roots.
Kajetan Grzelka, Adam Matkowski, Grzegorz Chodaczek, Joanna Ja��pi��ska, Anna Pawlikowska-Bartosz, Wojciech S��upski, Dorota Lechniak, Ma��gorzata Szumacher-Strabel, Segun Olorunlowu, Karolina Szulc, Adam Cie��lak, Sylwester ��lusarczyk
Author Information
Kajetan Grzelka: Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroc��aw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc��aw, Poland. ORCID
Adam Matkowski: Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroc��aw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc��aw, Poland. ORCID
Grzegorz Chodaczek: Bioimaging Laboratory at ��ukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wroc��aw, Poland. ORCID
Joanna Ja��pi��ska: Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroc��aw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc��aw, Poland.
Anna Pawlikowska-Bartosz: Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroc��aw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc��aw, Poland.
Wojciech S��upski: Department of Pharmacology, Wroc��aw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc��aw, Poland. ORCID
Dorota Lechniak: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Pozna�� University of Life Sciences, Wo��y��ska 33, 60-637 Pozna��, Poland.
Ma��gorzata Szumacher-Strabel: Department of Animal Nutrition, Pozna�� University of Life Sciences, Pozna��, Wo��y��ska 33, 60-637 Pozna��, Poland. ORCID
Segun Olorunlowu: Department of Animal Nutrition, Pozna�� University of Life Sciences, Pozna��, Wo��y��ska 33, 60-637 Pozna��, Poland. ORCID
Karolina Szulc: Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Pozna�� University of Life Sciences, Zlotniki, ul. S��oneczna 1, 62-002 Suchy Las, Poland.
Adam Cie��lak: Department of Animal Nutrition, Pozna�� University of Life Sciences, Pozna��, Wo��y��ska 33, 60-637 Pozna��, Poland. ORCID
Sylwester ��lusarczyk: Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroc��aw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc��aw, Poland. ORCID
This study aims to explore the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment as a method very likely to result in reversible electroporation of Georgi underground organs, resulting in increased mass transfer and secondary metabolites leakage. PEF treatment with previously established empirically tailored parameters [E = 0.3 kV/cm (U = 3 kV, d = 10 cm), t = 50 ��s, N = 33 f = 1 Hz] was applied 1-3 times to roots submerged in four different Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) media (1-choline chloride/xylose (1:2) + 30% water, 2-choline chloride/glucose (1:2) + 30% water, 3-choline chloride/ethylene glycol (1:2), and 4-tap water (EC = 0.7 mS/cm). Confocal microscopy was utilized to visualize the impact of PEF treatment on the root cells in situ. As a result of plant cell membrane permeabilization, an extract containing major active metabolites was successfully acquired in most media, achieving the best results using medium 1 and repeating the PEF treatment twice (baicaleinbaicalin 12.85 ��g/mL, wogonin 2.15 ��g/mL, and wogonoside 3.01 ��g/mL). wogonin concentration in NADES media was on par with the control (plants harvested on the day of the experiment, ultrasound-mediated methanolic extraction, C = 2.15 ��g/mL). After successful extraction, PEF treatment allowed the plants to continue growing, with the lowest survival rate across treated groups being 60%. Additionally, an enhancement in plant growth parameters (length and fresh mass of the roots) and significant changes in the root phytochemical profile were also observed.
