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Clinical microbiology reviews
Mar 13, 2025;38 (1): e0014622.

Companions in antimicrobial resistance: examining transmission of common antimicrobial-resistant organisms between people and their dogs, cats, and horses.

Benjamin Caddey, Sibina Fisher, Herman W Barkema, Diego B Nobrega
Author Information
  1. Benjamin Caddey: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ORCID
  2. Sibina Fisher: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ORCID
  3. Herman W Barkema: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
  4. Diego B Nobrega: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ORCID
PMID: 39853095 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00146-22

Abstract

SUMMARYNumerous questions persist regarding the role of companion animals as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant organisms that can infect humans. While relative antimicrobial usage in companion animals is lower than that in humans, certain antimicrobial-resistant pathogens have comparable colonization rates in companion animals and their human counterparts, which inevitably raises questions regarding potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission. Furthermore, the close contact between pets and their owners, as well as pets, veterinary professionals, and the veterinary clinic environment, provides ample opportunity for zoonotic transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Here we summarize what is known about the transmission of AMR and select antimicrobial-resistant organisms between companion animals (primarily dogs, cats, and horses) and humans. We also describe the global distribution of selected antimicrobial-resistant organisms in companion animals. The impact of interspecies AMR transmission within households and veterinary care settings is critically reviewed and discussed in the context of methicillin-resistant staphylococci, extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Key research areas are emphasized within established global action plans on AMR, offering valuable insights for shaping future research and surveillance initiatives.

Keywords

E. coli antimicrobial resistance companion animals dogs horses pets staphylococci transmission

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Grants

  1. CRC-2022-00168/Canadian Government | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

MeSH Term

Animals
Cats
Humans
Dogs
Horses
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Pets
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Bacterial Infections
Bacterial Zoonoses
Bacteria
Cat Diseases

Chemicals

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Journal Article Review

Word Cloud

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