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Jan 27, 2025;

Exposomics: a review of methodologies, applications, and future directions in molecular medicine.

Melissa Wan, Elisabeth M Simonin, Mary Margaret Johnson, Xinyue Zhang, Xiangping Lin, Peng Gao, Chirag J Patel, Aroub Yousuf, Michael P Snyder, Xiumei Hong, Xiaobin Wang, Vanitha Sampath, Kari C Nadeau
Author Information
  1. Melissa Wan: Harvard Chan Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. ORCID
  2. Elisabeth M Simonin: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. ORCID
  3. Mary Margaret Johnson: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
  4. Xinyue Zhang: Cardiovascular Institute Operations, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA. ORCID
  5. Xiangping Lin: Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. ORCID
  6. Peng Gao: School of Public Health, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
  7. Chirag J Patel: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
  8. Aroub Yousuf: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. ORCID
  9. Michael P Snyder: Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. ORCID
  10. Xiumei Hong: Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  11. Xiaobin Wang: Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  12. Vanitha Sampath: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
  13. Kari C Nadeau: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. knadeau@hsph.harvard.edu. ORCID
PMID: 39870881 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-025-00191-w

Abstract

The exposome is the measure of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. Exposomics is the emerging field of research to measure and study the totality of the exposome. Exposomics can assist with molecular medicine by furthering our understanding of how the exposome influences cellular and molecular processes such as gene expression, epigenetic modifications, metabolic pathways, and immune responses. These molecular alterations can aid as biomarkers for the diagnosis, disease prediction, early detection, and treatment and offering new avenues for personalized medicine. Advances in high throughput omics and other technologies as well as increased computational analytics is enabling comprehensive measurement and sophisticated analysis of the exposome to elucidate their cumulative and combined impacts on health, which can enable individuals, communities, and policymakers to create programs, policies, and protections that promote healthier environments and people. This review provides an overview of the potential role of exposomics in molecular medicine, covering its history, methodologies, current research and applications, and future directions.

Keywords

Environmental Exposures Exposomics Omics Risk Assessment

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  1. R21AI1492771,R21EB030643,U01AI140498,U01 AI147462,R01AI140134,UM1AI109565,UM2AI130836,P01AI15/HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
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