Patterns of Health Services and Medicine Utilisation by First-Generation Pakistani Immigrants in New Zealand.

Noor A Mann, Zain A Khan, Saima Asghar, Afshan Rani, Nadia Hussain, Sumera S Akhtar, Susan Heydon, Mudassir Anwar
Author Information
  1. Noor A Mann: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
  2. Zain A Khan: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
  3. Saima Asghar: Department of Pharmacy Practice, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
  4. Afshan Rani: College of Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
  5. Nadia Hussain: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ORCID
  6. Sumera S Akhtar: Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. ORCID
  7. Susan Heydon: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. ORCID
  8. Mudassir Anwar: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. ORCID

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The health-seeking patterns of the increasing Pakistani migrant population in New Zealand (NZ) is a subject of limited research in current literature. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate and understand the patterns of health services utilisation and medicine usage among first-generation Pakistani immigrants in NZ.
METHODS: Convenience and snowball sampling using social media platforms were used to conduct eleven semi-structured interviews consisting of two participants per interview. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed iteratively using an inductive thematic approach.
RESULTS: Self-medication emerged as a common practice by the majority of the participants and this practice stemmed from personal experiences, existing knowledge, and personal and cultural beliefs. However, participants had limited knowledge of the NZ health system and community pharmacy services and this led to conflicting expectations and outcomes. These factors serve as barriers to healthcare access for Pakistani immigrants and can result in adverse health outcomes and higher rates of dissatisfaction.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the healthcare challenges and behaviours of Pakistani immigrants in NZ, emphasising their reliance on traditional remedies and self-medication. While appreciating the quality of NZ's healthcare, participants faced barriers like cost and lack of awareness of pharmacy services. The findings call for culturally tailored strategies to improve accessibility and healthcare experiences for immigrants.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Two individuals from the Pakistani community, not part of the study, contributed to the design by offering feedback and pilot testing the interview guide. Based on their input, adjustments were made to enhance the clarity of the questions from a patient's or public viewpoint. No new questions were proposed as a result of this feedback.

Keywords

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Grants

  1. /The authors received no specific funding for this work.

MeSH Term

Humans
Pakistan
New Zealand
Emigrants and Immigrants
Female
Male
Adult
Middle Aged
Health Services Accessibility
Patient Acceptance of Health Care
Interviews as Topic
Self Medication
Health Services
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Qualitative Research
Young Adult

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0PakistaniimmigrantsNZhealthservicesparticipantshealthcareNewZealandstudypatternslimitedusinginterviewsinterviewpracticepersonalexperiencesknowledgecommunitypharmacyoutcomesbarriersresultfeedbackquestionsINTRODUCTION:health-seekingincreasingmigrantpopulationsubjectresearchcurrentliteratureThereforeaimedinvestigateunderstandutilisationmedicineusageamongfirst-generationMETHODS:Conveniencesnowballsamplingsocialmediaplatformsusedconductelevensemi-structuredconsistingtwoperaudio-tapedtranscribedverbatimDataanalysediterativelyinductivethematicapproachRESULTS:Self-medicationemergedcommonmajoritystemmedexistingculturalbeliefsHoweversystemledconflictingexpectationsfactorsserveaccesscanadversehigherratesdissatisfactionCONCLUSION:highlightschallengesbehavioursemphasisingreliancetraditionalremediesself-medicationappreciatingqualityNZ'sfacedlikecostlackawarenessfindingscallculturallytailoredstrategiesimproveaccessibilityPATIENTORPUBLICCONTRIBUTION:TwoindividualspartcontributeddesignofferingpilottestingguideBasedinputadjustmentsmadeenhanceclaritypatient'spublicviewpointnewproposedPatternsHealthServicesMedicineUtilisationFirst-GenerationImmigrantspatientsatisfactionself‐medication

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