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Veterinary world
Dec, 2024;17 (12): 2747-2762.

Avian pathogenic : Epidemiology, virulence and pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control.

Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Daniah Ashri Afnani, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Agus Widodo, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Sancaka Chasyer Ramandinianto, Syahputra Wibowo, Ima Fauziah, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Abdul Hadi Furqoni, Ricadonna Raissa
Author Information
  1. Aswin Rafif Khairullah: Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
  2. Daniah Ashri Afnani: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Dasan Agung Baru, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
  3. Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu: Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika. Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Dasan Agung Baru, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
  4. Agus Widodo: Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam Selatan, No. 28-30, Kampus B Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
  5. Sheila Marty Yanestria: Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Jl. Dukuh Kupang XXV No.54, Dukuh Kupang, Dukuh Pakis, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
  6. Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses: Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
  7. Mustofa Helmi Effendi: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
  8. Sancaka Chasyer Ramandinianto: Lingkar Satwa Animal Care Clinic. Jl. Sumatera No. 31L, Gubeng, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
  9. Syahputra Wibowo: Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
  10. Ima Fauziah: Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
  11. Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala: Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
  12. Kartika Afrida Fauzia: Research Center for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
  13. Abdul Hadi Furqoni: Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
  14. Ricadonna Raissa: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran No.10-11, Ketawanggede, Lowokwaru, Malang, Indonesia.
PMID: 39897356 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2747-2762

Abstract

Avian pathogenic (APEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry; this type of bacteria is an extraintestinal pathogen . Unlike other pathogen groups, the characteristics of APECs cannot be identified by a single group. Serotyping and biotyping are frequently performed for isolates found in colibacillosis infections. The establishment, transmission, and persistence of this pathogenic strain in chicken populations are determined by the intricate interactions of multiple elements that make up the epidemiology of APEC. APEC employs many virulence and pathogenesis factors or mechanisms to infect chickens with colibacillosis. These factors include invasives, protectins, adhesins, iron acquisition, and toxins. In addition, the pathogenicity of APEC strains can be evaluated in 2-4 -old chicks. The impact of unfavorable environmental conditions has also been documented, despite direct contact being demonstrated to be a significant element in transmission in APEC. Chickens are immunized against colibacillosis using a variety of vaccines. Nevertheless, commercially available vaccinations do not offer sufficient immunity to protect birds from APEC strains. Hatching egg contamination is one of the main ways that APECs spread throughout chicken flocks. Farmers also need to be mindful of storing discarded materials near the manure-watering area, removing them when necessary, and replacing wet materials with dry materials when needed. This review aimed to explain the characteristics, epidemiology, virulence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control of APEC.

Keywords

Escherichia coli avian pathogenic Escherichia coli colibacillosis poultry public health

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