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The Indian journal of medical research
Dec, 2024;160 (6): 561-569.

Lung cancer screening in India: Preparing for the future using smart tools & biomarkers to identify highest risk individuals.

Nithya Ramnath, Prasanth Ganesan, Prasanth Penumadu, Douglas Arenberg, Alex Bryant
Author Information
  1. Nithya Ramnath: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
  2. Prasanth Ganesan: Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
  3. Prasanth Penumadu: Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Cancer Care & Advanced Research, Tirupati, India.
  4. Douglas Arenberg: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
  5. Alex Bryant: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
PMID: 39913511 DOI: 10.25259/ijmr_118_24

Abstract

There is a growing burden of lung cancer cases in India, incidence projected to increase from 63,708 cases (2015) to 81,219 cases (2025). The increasing numbers are attributed to smoking (India currently has nearly 100 million adult smokers) and environmental pollution. Most patients present with advanced disease (80-85% are incurable), causing nearly 60,000 annual deaths from lung cancer. Early detection through lung cancer screening (LCS) can result in curative therapies for earlier stages of lung cancer and improved survival. Annual low-dose computerized tomography (LDCT) is the standard method for LCS. Usually, high-risk populations (age>50 yr and >20 pack-years of smoking) are considered for LCS, but even such focused screening may be challenging in resource-limited countries like India. However, developing a smart LCS programme with high yield may be possible by leveraging demographic and genomic data, use of smart tools, and judicious use of blood-based biomarkers. Developing this model over the next several years will facilitate a structured cancer screening programme for populations at the highest risk of lung cancer. In this paper, we discuss the demographics of lung cancer in India and its relation to smoking patterns. Further, we elaborate on the potential applications and challenges of bringing a smart approach to LCS in high-risk populations in India.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence India biomarkers high-risk population low-dose CT scans lung cancer screening

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MeSH Term

Humans
India
Lung Neoplasms
Early Detection of Cancer
Smoking
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Biomarkers, Tumor
Risk Factors
Mass Screening

Chemicals

Biomarkers, Tumor
Journal Article Review

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