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Feb 16, 2025;207 (3): 62.

Lipopeptide iturin C from endophytic Bacillus sp. effectively inhibits biofilm formation and prevents the adhesion of topical and food-borne pathogens in vitro and on biomedical devices.

Rajsekhar Adhikary, Pulak Kumar Maiti, Narendranath Ghosh, Biplab Rajbanshi, Mahendra Nath Roy, Sukhendu Mandal, Vivekananda Mandal
Author Information
  1. Rajsekhar Adhikary: Plant and Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, P.O. - Mokdumpur, Malda, W.B., 732103, India.
  2. Pulak Kumar Maiti: Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
  3. Narendranath Ghosh: Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, P.O. - Mokdumpur, Malda, W.B., 732103, India.
  4. Biplab Rajbanshi: Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India.
  5. Mahendra Nath Roy: Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India.
  6. Sukhendu Mandal: Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 019, India. sukhendu1@hotmail.com. ORCID
  7. Vivekananda Mandal: Plant and Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, P.O. - Mokdumpur, Malda, W.B., 732103, India. mandalvivek@gmail.com. ORCID
PMID: 39955677 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-025-04253-y

Abstract

Iturin, a structurally cyclic heptapeptides with a number of homologous derivatives has broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. The present study elucidates the structure and antimicrobial efficacy of iturin C biosurfactant (BS) produced by the endophytic bacterium Bacillus sp. LLB-04. Bacillus sp. LLB-04 was isolated from the leaves of hemiparasite Scurrula parasitica L. during the winter season. The biosurfactant was produced in a static batch culture of 120 h using Nutrient Broth (NB) medium and was extracted by a series of solvent systems. The BS was purified by solvent fractionation and preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method, and then it was structurally characterized through various analytical methods. Its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities were tested against 0, to 18 h old topical and food-borne pathogens. Furthermore, the cellular aggregation and bacterial cell adhesion on polystyrene and urethral catheters were checked at the Biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC). The cell line toxicity of BS (0-1.568 mg/ml) was tested against the human embryonic lung tissue L-132 and human alveolar epithelial cancer cell line, and the in silico mode of action was studied using standard methods. From the spectroscopic studies of 96 h culture harvested BS revealed that Bacillus sp. LLB-04 (GenBank Accession No.: MF037706) produced the BS as iturin C. The BS had broad-spectrum antimicrobial with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.1 to 1.6 mg/ml and an average biofilm inhibition concentration (BIC) of 0.8-1.6 mg/ml in 18 h old cells where biofilm formation was inhibited up to 46.4 times at 1.6 mg/ml concentration. It could also destabilize 40-48 h old preformed biofilm and had a synergistic response with streptomycin (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 411, Escherichia coli MTCC 730), ciprofloxacin (B. subtilis MTCC 411, E. coli MTCC 730), and vancomycin (Staphylococcus epidermidis MTCC 3086, B. subtilis MTCC 411). It had antiproliferative activity (0.1-0.8 mg/ml) on cancer cell lines. In-silico protein-ligand interactions predicted that it could interact with different membrane proteins of topical and food-borne pathogens. Thus, the study revealed for the first time that the endophytic Bacillus sp. could be exploited for large-scale production of iturin C that could be used in combating biofilm formation and cellular adhesion of topical and food-borne pathogens.

Keywords

Antibiofilm BS iturin C3 Combinational assay Endophytic Bacillus sp. Topical and food-borne pathogens

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Grants

  1. Memo no. 285(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/2G-10/2017, Dated 28.03.2018/Department of Science and Technology and Biotechnology, Govt of West Bengal
  2. Memo no. 285(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/2G-10/2017, Dated 28.03.2018/Department of Science and Technology and Biotechnology, Govt of West Bengal
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MeSH Term

Biofilms
Bacillus
Humans
Bacterial Adhesion
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Peptides, Cyclic
Lipopeptides
Surface-Active Agents
Endophytes
Cell Line
Bacteria

Chemicals

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Peptides, Cyclic
Lipopeptides
Surface-Active Agents
Journal Article

Word Cloud

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