Clinical Features and Antibiotic Susceptibility of -Infected Dermatoses.

Dimitra Koumaki, Sofia Maraki, Georgios Evangelou, Vasiliki Koumaki, Stamatios Gregoriou, Stamatoula Kouloumvakou, Danae Petrou, Evangelia Rovithi, Kyriaki Zografaki, Aikaterini Doxastaki, Petros Ioannou, Ioanna Gkiaouraki, Antonios Rogdakis, Viktoria Eirini Mavromanolaki, Konstantinos Krasagakis
Author Information
  1. Dimitra Koumaki: Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece. ORCID
  2. Sofia Maraki: Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
  3. Georgios Evangelou: Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece. ORCID
  4. Vasiliki Koumaki: Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece.
  5. Stamatios Gregoriou: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, I. Dragoumi 5, 16121 Athens, Greece. ORCID
  6. Stamatoula Kouloumvakou: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanoglio General Hospital, Sismanogliou 37, 15126 Athens, Greece. ORCID
  7. Danae Petrou: Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
  8. Evangelia Rovithi: Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
  9. Kyriaki Zografaki: Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece. ORCID
  10. Aikaterini Doxastaki: Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
  11. Petros Ioannou: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece. ORCID
  12. Ioanna Gkiaouraki: Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
  13. Antonios Rogdakis: Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
  14. Viktoria Eirini Mavromanolaki: Department of Pediatrics, Agios Nikolaos General Hospital, 72100 Agios Nikolaos, Greece.
  15. Konstantinos Krasagakis: Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) poses significant treatment challenges, particularly in community settings. Limited data are available on -associated infected dermatoses (ID) in outpatient dermatology clinics. This study examines the clinical characteristics, microbiological profiles, resistance patterns, and treatment outcomes of dermatoses caused by . Between January 2023 and January 2025, consecutive patients with confirmed -associated SD were recruited in a dermatology clinic in Heraklion, Greece. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were collected. Skin swabs underwent bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing following CLSI guidelines. Statistical analyses evaluated associations between clinical and microbiological findings. Sixty-eight patients were included, 54.4% of whom were male, with a mean age of 46.7 years (�� SD 25.1). MRSA was identified in 22.1% of cases and was significantly associated with female gender ( = 0.014). The most common diagnoses were eczema (35.3%) and folliculitis (19.1%). Oxacillin-resistant patients were more likely to receive systemic therapy ( = 0.039). Resistance rates were highest for benzylpenicillin (81.8%), levofloxacin (54.9%), and erythromycin (39.4%). Resistance rates for fusidic acid, clindamycin, mupirocin, and tetracycline were 38.2%, 20.6%, 16.9%, and 10.3%, respectively. Other pathogens, including and , were isolated in 27.9% of cases. This study highlights the high prevalence of MRSA in outpatient dermatology settings, emphasizing the need for local antimicrobial resistance surveillance to guide treatment strategies and improve outcomes in superinfected dermatoses.

Keywords

References

  1. J Clin Med. 2024 Nov 26;13(23): [PMID: 39685619]
  2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Sep;54(9):3614-7 [PMID: 20566766]
  3. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020 Mar;20:238-247 [PMID: 31442624]
  4. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021 May 1;10(1):75 [PMID: 33933162]
  5. APMIS. 2019 Apr;127(4):181-186 [PMID: 30908773]
  6. Euro Surveill. 2019 Mar;24(13): [PMID: 30940316]
  7. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2011 Jun;36(4):351-4 [PMID: 21198795]
  8. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 May 31;13(6): [PMID: 38927182]
  9. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2024 Feb 19;: [PMID: 38427766]
  10. J Immunol. 2018 Jan 15;200(2):657-668 [PMID: 29222165]
  11. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 May;66 Suppl 4:iv43-iv48 [PMID: 21521706]
  12. BMJ. 2007 Nov 10;335(7627):947-8 [PMID: 17956927]
  13. Epidemiol Infect. 2024 Nov 27;152:e147 [PMID: 39601098]
  14. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2006 Jul;17(3):113-9 [PMID: 16934705]
  15. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021 Jun 18;76(7):1808-1814 [PMID: 33792700]
  16. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023 Aug 2;78(8):2061-2065 [PMID: 37358399]
  17. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Jan 19;13:1102779 [PMID: 36743309]
  18. J Clin Med. 2024 Jul 20;13(14): [PMID: 39064287]
  19. Occup Environ Med. 2024 Aug 29;81(8):425-432 [PMID: 39168602]
  20. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Sep 15;49(6):935-41 [PMID: 19673644]
  21. Clin Dermatol. 2021 May-Jun;39(3):384-404 [PMID: 34517997]
  22. Infect Dis (Lond). 2024 Nov 25;:1-9 [PMID: 39584799]
  23. Int J Dermatol. 2016 Apr;55(4):e191-7 [PMID: 26892888]
  24. Front Microbiol. 2021 Aug 18;12:663831 [PMID: 34489877]
  25. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2024 Nov-Dec;52:100732 [PMID: 39307244]
  26. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Nov 24;12(12): [PMID: 38136688]
  27. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 19;11(1):4253 [PMID: 33608606]
  28. J Dermatolog Treat. 2024 Dec;35(1):2370424 [PMID: 38936964]
  29. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2016 Dec 21;5(12):e127 [PMID: 27999423]
  30. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jun;11(6):928-30 [PMID: 15963289]
  31. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Aug 03;11(8): [PMID: 36009920]
  32. Indian J Microbiol. 2024 Sep;64(3):1035-1043 [PMID: 39282164]
  33. Microb Genom. 2024 Jul;10(7): [PMID: 39017043]
  34. Pediatr Ann. 2010 Oct;39(10):627-33 [PMID: 20954609]
  35. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010 May;67(1):1-8 [PMID: 20227225]
  36. Pharmaceutics. 2024 Oct 10;16(10): [PMID: 39458644]
  37. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 1;70(1):19-25 [PMID: 30801635]
  38. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Mar 02;12(3): [PMID: 36978370]
  39. BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Sep 30;24(1):1081 [PMID: 39350037]
  40. J Postgrad Med. 2024 Oct 1;70(4):223-226 [PMID: 39611413]
  41. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Oct 1;49(7):e69-75 [PMID: 19725782]
  42. Infect Drug Resist. 2024 Jun 21;17:2555-2566 [PMID: 38933775]
  43. Hand (N Y). 2020 Nov;15(6):877-881 [PMID: 30897954]
  44. Int J Microbiol. 2022 Apr 19;2022:1835603 [PMID: 35498395]
  45. Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Jan 02;14(1): [PMID: 39858310]
  46. Am J Dermatopathol. 2015 Aug;37(8):643-6 [PMID: 25099358]
  47. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jun 3;7(6):e2417199 [PMID: 38874923]
  48. PLoS One. 2019 Oct 24;14(10):e0223599 [PMID: 31647842]
  49. Semin Immunopathol. 2012 Mar;34(2):261-80 [PMID: 22057887]
  50. Skin Appendage Disord. 2015 Sep;1(2):55-9 [PMID: 27170935]
  51. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 May 15;40(10):1429-34 [PMID: 15844065]
  52. J Dermatol. 2021 Apr;48(4):547-550 [PMID: 33410193]
  53. Dermatology. 2020;236(1):31-36 [PMID: 31801143]
  54. Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Feb 14;11(1):e0379422 [PMID: 36622214]
  55. J Clin Med. 2024 Jul 24;13(15): [PMID: 39124594]
  56. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2025 Jan;40:47-52 [PMID: 39622343]
  57. Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 14;11:1124930 [PMID: 36998271]
  58. Dermatology. 2006;212(1):31-5 [PMID: 16319471]
  59. Infect Drug Resist. 2020 Apr 22;13:1155-1162 [PMID: 32368106]
  60. Euro Surveill. 2024 May;29(19): [PMID: 38726693]
  61. Biomed Res Int. 2024 May 15;2024:5859068 [PMID: 38778831]
  62. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005 Feb;11(2):150-3 [PMID: 15679491]
  63. BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Dec 13;10:351 [PMID: 21144056]
  64. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018 Aug 15;7:101 [PMID: 30147868]
  65. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2017 Dec;34(6):553-560 [PMID: 29422820]
  66. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020 Mar 14;9(1):47 [PMID: 32169102]
  67. SAGE Open Med. 2024 Dec 17;12:20503121241306968 [PMID: 39698142]

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0treatmentMRSAdermatosesdermatologyclinicalresistancepatients9%settingsdata-associatedoutpatientstudymicrobiologicaloutcomesJanuarySDbacterialantimicrobial544%1%cases=03%ResistanceratesMethicillin-resistantposessignificantchallengesparticularlycommunityLimitedavailableinfectedIDclinicsexaminescharacteristicsprofilespatternscaused20232025consecutiveconfirmedrecruitedclinicHeraklionGreeceDemographiccollectedSkinswabsunderwentculturesusceptibilitytestingfollowingCLSIguidelinesStatisticalanalysesevaluatedassociationsfindingsSixty-eightincludedmalemeanage467years��251identified22significantlyassociatedfemalegender014commondiagnoseseczema35folliculitis19Oxacillin-resistantlikelyreceivesystemictherapy039highestbenzylpenicillin818%levofloxacinerythromycin39fusidicacidclindamycinmupirocintetracycline382%206%1610respectivelypathogensincludingisolated27highlightshighprevalenceemphasizingneedlocalsurveillanceguidestrategiesimprovesuperinfectedClinicalFeaturesAntibioticSusceptibility-InfectedDermatosesanti-bacterialagentsinfectionsdermatitisinfectiousmethicillin-resistantStaphylococcusaureusmicrobialdrugoutpatientsskindiseases

Similar Articles

Cited By

No available data.