Evaluation of the Dose of African Swine Fever Virus Required to Establish Infection in Pigs Following Oral Uptake.
Ann Sofie Olesen, Christina Marie Lazov, Francesc Accensi, Camille Melissa Johnston, Thomas Bruun Rasmussen, Anette Bøtner, Louise Lohse, Graham J Belsham
Author Information
Ann Sofie Olesen: Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. ORCID
Christina Marie Lazov: Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. ORCID
Francesc Accensi: Research Combined Unit IRTA-UAB in Animal Health, Research Center in Animal Health (Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal CReSA), Campus of Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Camille Melissa Johnston: Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. ORCID
Thomas Bruun Rasmussen: Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. ORCID
Anette Bøtner: Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Louise Lohse: Section for Veterinary Virology, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. ORCID
Graham J Belsham: Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. ORCID
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is known to be very stable within a protein-rich environment and indirect virus transmission can be mediated via oral uptake of different materials. However, experimental studies in pigs have shown that infection by ASFV via the oral route can be difficult to establish. Currently, there is a lack of studies using strict oral inoculations of pigs with different doses of ASFV. Therefore, we aimed to determine the dose of a European genotype II ASFV that is required to establish infection of pigs by the oral route. In this study, 24 pigs were divided into four groups of six. Three of the groups were fed with a low, medium or high dose of the ASFV POL/2015/Podlaskie virus. The pigs in the fourth group served as positive controls and were inoculated intranasally, just once, using the low dose of the virus. All the pigs inoculated intranasally with ASFV succumbed to the infection, while only three of the six pigs that were fed the high dose of the virus became infected. None of the 12 pigs that were fed with either the medium or low dose of the virus became infected, despite receiving up to thirteen doses each. In two of the pigs infected by intranasal inoculation, the presence of a variant form of the ASFV genome was detected. The results obtained in this study underline that ASFV infection is more difficult to establish via the oral route when compared to the intranasal route. The high dose needed in order to establish oral infection could have implications for future strategies using baited vaccines containing infectious live-attenuated ASFV.
