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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
Feb 05, 2025;14 (2):

Molecular Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations, Decolonization Strategies, and Treatment Options of Methicillin-Resistant Infection in Neonates.

Dimitrios Rallis, Natalia Atzemoglou, Konstantina Kapetaniou, Lida-Eleni Giaprou, Maria Baltogianni, Vasileios Giapros
Author Information
  1. Dimitrios Rallis: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece. ORCID
  2. Natalia Atzemoglou: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
  3. Konstantina Kapetaniou: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
  4. Lida-Eleni Giaprou: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
  5. Maria Baltogianni: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
  6. Vasileios Giapros: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
PMID: 40005530 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens14020155

Abstract

Preterm and low-birth-weight neonates are particularly susceptible to methicillin-resistant (MRSA) colonization, whereas MRSA infection is associated with significant neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. The objective of our study was to examine the current body of knowledge about molecular traits, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, decolonization techniques, and available treatments for MRSA infection in neonates. MRSA strains that predominate in neonatal units, namely healthcare-associated (HA)-MRSA, differ from community-acquired (CA)-MRSA strains in molecular characteristics, toxin synthesis, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and resistance to antibiotics. Colonization with MRSA predisposes neonates to infection. The clinical impact of MRSA infection includes bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, skin and soft tissue infections, and toxic shock syndrome. To reduce MRSA transmission, colonization, and infection, customized approaches are required, including continuous surveillance of MRSA epidemiology, new techniques for detecting MRSA resistance, and the application of basic preventive measures. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is essential to identify the best empirical antimicrobial treatments. The growing antibiotic resistance of MRSA remains challenging, and vancomycin is still the best option. Further extensive research and surveillance are warranted to explore the genetic diversity and prevalence of MRSA.

Keywords

Staphylococcus multi-drug resistance neonatal unit vancomycin

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MeSH Term

Humans
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcal Infections
Infant, Newborn
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Molecular Epidemiology
Cross Infection
Risk Factors
Community-Acquired Infections

Chemicals

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Journal Article Review

Word Cloud

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