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Feb 06, 2025;13 (2):

Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Adaptive Immune Response in a Cohort of Mild Mpox Patients During the 2022 Wave.

Sara Caldrer, Silvia Accordini, Annalisa Donini, Natasha Gianesini, Andrea Matucci, Antonio Mori, Cristina Mazzi, Maddalena Cordioli, Evelina Tacconelli, Niccolò Ronzoni, Andrea Angheben, Chiara Piubelli, Federico Gobbi, Concetta Castilletti
Author Information
  1. Sara Caldrer: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy. ORCID
  2. Silvia Accordini: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy. ORCID
  3. Annalisa Donini: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy.
  4. Natasha Gianesini: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy.
  5. Andrea Matucci: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy. ORCID
  6. Antonio Mori: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy. ORCID
  7. Cristina Mazzi: Centre for Clinical Research, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy. ORCID
  8. Maddalena Cordioli: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy. ORCID
  9. Evelina Tacconelli: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy.
  10. Niccolò Ronzoni: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy.
  11. Andrea Angheben: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy. ORCID
  12. Chiara Piubelli: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy. ORCID
  13. Federico Gobbi: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy.
  14. Concetta Castilletti: IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy. ORCID
PMID: 40005722 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13020355

Abstract

Our study wanted to describe the kinetics of serological and adaptive immune responses in mpox patients.
METHODS: Fourteen patients with laboratory-confirmed mpox were tested at different time points after the symptom onset. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to evaluate the seroconversion kinetics of specific IgA, IgM, and IgG. Moreover, the characterization of the adaptive immunological profile of T- and B-cells was performed.
RESULTS: The antibody kinetics revealed the faster and more effective seroconversion of specific IgA than IgM. Moreover, we detected an increase in Active memory B cells and CD8+ cells in the early phases of infection, and a reduction in CD4+ T-cells in the mpox patients with respect to the controls and found the presence of higher levels of Treg cells in the HIV+ patients in the early phase of infection.
CONCLUSION: Our data highlight the relevance of specific IgA testing early after the symptom onset, suggesting a possible role as a marker in early diagnosis, especially in close contact subjects. Furthermore, the different maturation states of effector cells in HIV+ patients, together with high Treg levels, may lead us to better understand the role of MPXV-HIV co-infection and identify potential cellular markers to monitor the excessive immune activation involved in mpox disease progression.

Keywords

HIV IgA levels Treg antibody kinetics cellular immunity mpox non-endemic countries

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Journal Article

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0mpoxpatientskineticsIgAcellsearlyspecificlevelsTregadaptiveimmunedifferentsymptomonsetperformedseroconversionIgMMoreoverantibodyinfectionHIV+rolecellularstudywanteddescribeserologicalresponsesMETHODS:Fourteenlaboratory-confirmedtestedtimepointsimmunofluorescenceassayevaluateIgGcharacterizationimmunologicalprofileT-B-cellsRESULTS:revealedfastereffectivedetectedincreaseActivememoryBCD8+phasesreductionCD4+T-cellsrespectcontrolsfoundpresencehigherphaseCONCLUSION:datahighlightrelevancetestingsuggestingpossiblemarkerdiagnosisespeciallyclosecontactsubjectsFurthermorematurationstateseffectortogetherhighmayleadusbetterunderstandMPXV-HIVco-infectionidentifypotentialmarkersmonitorexcessiveactivationinvolveddiseaseprogressionEarlyDiagnosisMonitoringAdaptiveImmuneResponseCohortMildMpoxPatients2022WaveHIVimmunitynon-endemiccountries

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