Physical Activity in Pre-Ambulatory Children with Cerebral Palsy: An Exploratory Validation Study to Distinguish Active vs. Sedentary Time Using Wearable Sensors.
Julie M Orlando, Beth A Smith, Jocelyn F Hafer, Athylia Paremski, Matthew Amodeo, Michele A Lobo, Laura A Prosser
Author Information
Julie M Orlando: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ORCID
Beth A Smith: Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. ORCID
Jocelyn F Hafer: Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA. ORCID
Athylia Paremski: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ORCID
Matthew Amodeo: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA. ORCID
Michele A Lobo: Physical Therapy Department, Biomechanics & Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA. ORCID
Laura A Prosser: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ORCID
Wearable inertial sensor technology affords opportunities to record the physical activity of young children in their natural environments. The interpretation of these data, however, requires validation. The purpose of this study was to develop and establish the criterion validity of a method of quantifying active and sedentary physical activity using an inertial sensor for pre-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Ten participants were video recorded during 30 min physical therapy sessions that encouraged gross motor play activities, and the video recording was behaviorally coded to identify active and sedentary time. A receiver operating characteristic curve identified the optimal threshold to maximize true positive and minimize false positive active time for eight participants in the development dataset. The threshold was 0.417 m/s and was then validated with the remaining two participants; the percent of true positives and true negatives was 92.2 and 89.7%, respectively. We conclude that there is potential for raw sensor data to be used to quantify active and sedentary time in pre-ambulatory children with physical disability, and raw acceleration data may be more generalizable than the sensor-specific activity counts commonly reported in the literature.
