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Mar 26, 2025; e2500064.

Gradient Doping Strategy for Sn─Pb Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability.

Haotian Zhang, Chao Gao, Li He, Dezhao Zhang, Hongzhen Su, Hong Liu, Kadi Zhu, Wenzhong Shen
Author Information
  1. Haotian Zhang: Institute of Solar Energy, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China. ORCID
  2. Chao Gao: Institute of Solar Energy, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
  3. Li He: Institute of Solar Energy, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
  4. Dezhao Zhang: Institute of Solar Energy, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
  5. Hongzhen Su: Institute of Solar Energy, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
  6. Hong Liu: Institute of Solar Energy, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
  7. Kadi Zhu: School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
  8. Wenzhong Shen: Institute of Solar Energy, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
PMID: 40136080 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500064

Abstract

Sn─Pb hybrid perovskite has attracted more attention due to its ideal bandgap and excellent photoelectric properties. However, easy oxidation and poor crystallinity caused by the introduction of Sn have become two major problems. In this study, Sn is doped in the Pb-based perovskite to prepare high crystalline Sn─Pb mixed perovskite with larger grain size by using the solvent engineering technique and the cooperation optimization with HCOOH. The reducibility of HCOOH and its inhibition of deprotonation significantly prevent the oxidation of Sn and the decomposition of A-site cations. The experimental and theoretical results show that the interactions between HCOOH and Sn and Pb, which reduce the defect density and improve the crystallinity and stability of the film with excellent photoelectric properties. In addition, the compact SnO prepared by atomic layer deposition as electronic transformation layer to further improve the stability of devices. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the Sn─Pb hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) prepared by the dopant growth method can reach 21.53% and the stability is significantly better than that of the Sn─Pb PSCs prepared by the traditional method.

Keywords

Sn─Pb mixed perovskite solar cells deprotonation reaction doping growth method energy level alignment grain size, defect passivation reductive Sn2+

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Grants

  1. 11834011/Natural Science Foundation of China
  2. 24DZ3000900/Shanghai New Energy Technology Research and Development
Journal Article

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0Sn─PbperovskiteSnphotoelectricHCOOHstabilitypreparedmethodhybridexcellentpropertiesoxidationcrystallinitymixedgrainsizedeprotonationsignificantlydefectimprovelayersolarcellsPSCsgrowthattractedattentiondueidealbandgapHowevereasypoorcausedintroductionbecometwomajorproblemsstudydopedPb-basedpreparehighcrystallinelargerusingsolventengineeringtechniquecooperationoptimizationreducibilityinhibitionpreventdecompositionA-sitecationsexperimentaltheoreticalresultsshowinteractionsPbreducedensityfilmadditioncompactSnOatomicdepositionelectronictransformationdevicesconversionefficiencydopantcanreach2153%bettertraditionalGradientDopingStrategyMixedPerovskiteSolarCellsHighEfficiencyStabilityreactiondopingenergylevelalignmentpassivationreductiveSn2+

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